:jf:Yo 
c;'/lIft ue{ktg M pRr dft[d[To' b/sf] d"n sf/0f

–8f= c?0f pk|]tL

b'O{ 5f]/LsL cfdf ljdnf t];|f]k6s ue{jtL ePsL lyOg\ . pgsf] ue{ rf/ dlxgfsf] k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . pgL o;kN6 klg 5f]/L x'G5 eGg] qf;n] :qL/f]u ljz]if1– sxf ue{kft ug{ uPsL lyOg\ . pgsf] ue{ rf/ dlxgfsf] k'lu;s]sf]n] :qL/f]u ljz]if1n] ue{kft ug{ dflggg\ . :qL/f]u ljz]if1n] pgsf] ue{kft ug{ gdfg]kl5 ljdnfn] ue{kft u/fpg] Pp6L dlxnf;u ;Dks{ /fVg k'lug\ . tL dlxnfn] ljdnfsf] of]gLdf b'O{j6f cf}iflwsf] rSsL  3';fOg\ . rSsL 3';fPsf] ef]lnkN6 ljdnfsf] ue{kft t eof], t/ pgsf] /Qm;|fj /f]lsPg . ljdnfsf] nf]Ug]n] pgnfO{ c:ktfn k'of{P . c:ktfn k'o{fP klg 8fS6/x?n] pgnfO{ arfpg ;s]gg\ . ljdnfh:t} o;/L c;'/lIft ue{ktg u/fPsf] sf/0f g]kfnsf ufp3/ / c:ktfnx?df k|To]s lbg sf]xL g sf]xL dl//x]sf x'G5g\ .  

em08} !$ jif{cufl8 8fS6/ eP/ g]kfn cfPkl5 d}n] k|;"ltu[x, sf7df8f}+df sfd ug{ ;'? u/]sL lyP . sfd ;'? u/]sf] sl/a b'O{ dlxgfkl5 Pslbg a]n'sf d cfsl:ds sIfdf 8\o'6Ldf sfo{/t x'bf Pp6L dlxnfnfO{ pgsf >Ldfg\n] lnP/ cfPsf lyP . tL dlxnfsf] xfnt cToGt uDeL/ lyof] . pgL kx]nL b]lvlGyg\ . pgnfO{ w]/} Hj/f] klg lyof] . gf8Lsf] ult pRr lyof] . ;f; km]g{ lgs} d'l:sn eO/x]sf] lyof] .  ToltGh]n o:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] la/fdLnfO{ d}n] x]/]sL lyOg. To;}n] d}n] t'?Gt deGbf dflysf] ljz]if1nfO{ va/ k7fP.

ljz]if1n] cfsl:ds sIfdf cfP/ la/fdLnfO{ k"0f{?kdf ghfRb} ;d:ofsf] lgbfg ;'gfpg'eof], logL t st} ue{kft u/fP/ cfPsLh:tL 5g\ . la/fdLnfO{ t'?Gt} /ut lbg'kg]{ h?/t lyof] . xfdLn] pgsf >Ldfg\nfO{ /ut lng  k7fof} / la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ;'? u{of} . t/ tL dlxnfsf] xfnt If0fk|ltIf0f g/fd|f] x'b} uof] . 8fS6/n] cys k|of; ubf{ub{}} klg c:ktfndf NofPsf] b'O{–tLg 306fkl5 pgsf] d[To' eof] . pgsf] d[To'sf] sf/0fdf :qL/f]u ljz]if1n] n]lvg\ – ;]lK6s caf];{g cyf{t\ c;'/lIft tl/sfn] ue{kft u/fPkl5 /utdf ;ª\j|md0f eO{ ljif km}lnP/ d[To' ePsf] .

rf}w jif{cl3 g]kfnsf clwsf+z dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt h:tf] cj:yfdf lyof] cfh klg To:t} g} /x]sf] 5 . lxhf]h:t} cfh klg g]kfnsf ufp3/af6 ljleGg lsl;dn] c;'/lIft ue{kft u/fP/ xhf/f}+sf] ;ª\Vofdf dlxnfx? ;x/ / ;b/d'sfdsf c:ktfndf cfkm\gf] hLjg /Iffsf lglDt k'U5g\, t/ ;a} dlxnf efUodfgL x'b}gg\ . yf]/} dlxnfx? dfq 8fS6/x?sf] cys k|of;n] csf]{ hLjg kfp5g\ . 5 jif{cl3 k|;"ltu[x, yfkfynLdf g'jfsf]6af6 NofOPsL Pp6L l;ls:t dlxnfsf] hLjg 8fS6/x?sf] k|of;af6 ar]sf] lyof] . sf7n] 3f]r]/ pgsf] ue{kft u/fpg] k|of; ubf{ pgsf] kf7]3/df Kjfn k/]sf] lyof] . pgsf] cj:yf cToGt kL8fbfos lyof] . pgsf] k]6 vf]nL zNolqmof u/]/ pgsf] kf7]3/ lgsflnof] . pgL em08} ^ dlxgf c:ktfdf al;g\ .

c:ktfndf ue{kftsf] hl6ntfaf6 kLl8t eP/ hlt dlxnfx? cffOk'U5g\ Tof]eGbf ;of}+ u'0ff a9L ;ª\Vof t c:ktfn gcfpg] dlxnfx? 5g\ . ;/sf/L tYofscg';f/, xfn dfq !% k|ltzt g]kfnLx?n] cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4ltsf] ;]jf lng;s]sf 5g\ . to;df k|;"lt;DaGwL ljz]if ;]jf k|fKt ug{] dlxnfx? dfq gf+} k|ltzt 5g\ . To;}n] ue{kft;DaGwL hlt klg tYofs+x? cfp5g\, tL c:ktfndf cfPsf dfdnfx?df cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . tL tYofs+x?sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ‘cfxfndf a;]sf] e}+;Lsf] z/L/sf] yf]/} efu dfq dfly ;txdf b]lvPh:t} cw'/f] oyfy{ dfq b]lvG5 . ;txd'lg n's]sf tYo–tYofs+x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] aflx/ Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;y{ k"0f{ oyfy{ s:tf] 5 eg]/ klg eGg ;ls+b}g . t/ c;'/lIft ue{ktgsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] dft[ d[To'b/ cToGt pRr 5 eGg] s'/f eg] 3fd hlQs} 5n{u+ 5 . ;g\ !((^ df k|sflzt Pp6f k|ltj]bgcg';f/ k|To]s Ps nfv g]kfnL dlxnfdf !,%)) hgf uef{j:yfsf] a]nf d5{g\ . To;}u/L cGo Ps tYofs+n] s'n dft[d[To'dWo] %) k|ltzt dft[d[To'sf] sf/0f c;'/lIft ue{ktg xf] eg]/ b]vfPsf] 5 . t/  ;/sf/n] lbg] u/]sf] tYofs+n] g]kfndf dft[d[To' b/ k|To]s Ps nfvdf %#( /x]sf] 5 / To;df @) k|ltzt dft[d[To'rflx c;'/lIft ue{ktgn] ubf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg]/ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . oL b'j} tYofs+x?n] h]–h:tf] lsl;dsf] cj:yfnfO{ b]vfP klg Pp6f tYo xfd|f]cufl8 :ki6?kdf phfu/ 5 / Tof] xf] – g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo cToGt sdhf]/ cj:yfdf 5 .

;'/lIft / c;'/lIft ue{ktg

ljZj :jf:Yo ;+3sf] cg';f/, ue{kft eg]sf] ue{df /x]sf] e|"0f :jfefljs?kdf hlGdg'eGbfcl3 g} uef{zoaf6 lg:sg' xf] . lrlsT;fzf:qsf] cg';f/, dlxgfjf/L /f]lsPsf] klxnf] lbgaf6 u0fgf u/L b'O{ xKtfleqdf ue{ v]/ uPdf jf t'xfPdf ue{ktg 7flgG5 . jl/i7 :qL/f]u ljz]if1 8f= ;/:jtL pkfWofo eGg'x'G5, s'g} klg e|"0f k[YjLdf cfP/ hLljt /xg g;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ ue{ktg elgG5 .xfn cfP/ ue{ktgsf] b'O{ xKtf;Ddsf] kl/efiffdf klg s]xL kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 lsgls ljb]zlt/ em08} 5 dlxgfdf hGd]sf] e|"0fnfO{ klg cToGt cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4ltcg';f/ cf}iflw lbP/ arfOG5 . Ps xhf/ u|fdeGbf sd tf}ndf hGd]sf] aRrfnfO{ klg arfpg;Sg] pkfo kQf nflu;s]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf rflx 5 dlxgfeGbf sd ePsf] e|"0fnfO{ arfpg ;ls+b}g . To;}n] g]kfndf 5 dlxgfleq ue{ v]/ uPdf jf t'lxPdf ue{ktg ePsf] eg]/ dflgG5 .

ue{ktg b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . klxnf] xf] – cfkm} x'g] ue{ktg, h;nfO{ ue{ v]/ uPsf] jf t'lxPsf] eg]/ elgG5 . of] ljleGg aflx/L jf leqL zf/Ll/s sf/0faf6 x'g] ue{ktg xf] . ue{ /x]sf dlxnfx?dWo] sl/a !% k|ltztsf] ue{ cfkm} v]/ hfg] u5{  . o;sf ljleGg sf/0f x'G5g\, h:t} – dlxnfsf] zf/L/df s'g} /f]u x'g', kf7]3/sf] d'v 7"nf] x'g', ue{sf] e|"0f ljs[t x'g' jf s'g} aflx/L rf]6k6s nfUg', ?vaf6 n8\g', v:g', s;}n] lk6\g' cflb . ue{ktgsf] csf{] lsl;drflx s[lqd jf hfgLhfgL u/fPsf] ue{ktg xf] . o:tf] ue{ktg cf}iflw vfP/ jf cGo tl/sf ckgfO{ ul/G5 . To;}u/L ue{ktg ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft klg x'G5g\ . ;'/lIft ue{ktg lrlsT;f ljlwsf] dfkb08cg';f/ :jf:YosdL{åf/f ul/G5 . xfd|f] b]zdf pknAw :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;'ljwf / k"jf{wf/  cg's"n x'g] u/L ul/Psf] ue{ktgnfO{ ;'/lIft ue{ktg eGg] ul/G5 .

;'/lIft ue{ktgleq lgDg s'/fx? kb{5g\ M  tLg xKtf;Ddsf] ue{, of]Uotf k'u]sf] jf tflnd k|fKt lrlsT;såf/f / lrlsT;f ljlwsf] dfkb08cg';f/ Go"gtd :jLsfo{ :yfg / :jLs[t ;/sf/L tyf k|fOe]6 lSnlgs jf c:ktfndf ul/G5 . oL tLg j6fdWo] s'g} Pp6f klg ;t{ k"/f gul/Pdf ue{ktg ;fwf/0ftof c;'/lIft x'G5 . c;'/lIft ue{ktg xfdLn] sNkgf ug]{eGbf w]/} ljeT; lsl;dsf tl/sfx? ckgfP/ ul/G5 . h:t}, n7\7L jf rKknsf] t'gf of]gLdf 3';fP/, ljiffn' kbfy{nfO{ sk8fdf /fvL of]gLleq 3';fP/, ljleGg ljiffn' hl8a'6L VjfP/ jf of]lgleq 3';fP/ tyf dlxnfsf] lk6]df lyr]/ ue{ktg ug{] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

;f]rfOdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g

b; jif{cl3;Dd ue{ktgn] ubf{ g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;/sf/n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] lyPg . ;/sf/ dfq} xf]Og ljleGg :qL/f]u ljz]if1x? ;d]t g]kfndf c;'/lIft ue{ktgn] ubf{ dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf v/fa c;/ k/]sf] 5 / o;n] dft[d[To' a9fPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f ug{ klg tof/ lyPgg\ . jf:tjdf pgLx? ;d:of yfxf kfP/ klg r'k nfu]/ a;]sf lyP . o;} k|;u+df d;u s]xL cg'ejx? klg ;'/lIft 5g\ . c;'/lIft ue{ktgsf] ;d:of lnP/ cfpg] w]/} dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf b]v]kl5 d}n] k|;"ltu[xsf 8fS6/x?;u o; ljifodf s'/f ug{ vf]h]sL lyP, t/ To;a]nf s;}n] klg o; ljifodf s'/f ug{ rfx]gg\ . Pshgf jl/i7 :qL/f]u ljz]if1n] o; ljifodf dnfO{ eGg'ePsf] lyof],  ue{ktgnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbPdf xfd|f] b]zsf] ;+:s[lt eu+ x'G5 . o'jfo'jtLx?df hyfefjL  zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ ug]{ j|md a9\5 .ToxL a]n'sf tL :qL/f]u ljz]if1n] Pp6L o'jtLsf] 5 dlxgfsf] ue{kft u/fOg\ / ?= *,)))  ue{kft u/fPsf] / ?=@)))  cf}iflw vr{ eg]/ ?=!),))) lnOg\ . tL o'jtL d]/f] kl/lrt lyOg\ / pgnfO{ d}n] g} tL 8fS6/sxf k7fPsL lyP .

To;a]nf af/Daf/ ue{ktgsf] af/]df af]Nbf k|;"ltu[xs} Pshgf jl/i7 g;{, h;n] dnfO{ w]/} s'/fx? l;sfPsL lyOg\, pgn] Pslbg elgg\, 8fS6/ ;fxa, tkfO{++ clxn] v"a af]Ng'x'G5 . Ps–b'O{ jif{kl5 cfkm" klg :qL/f]u ljz]if1 ag]/ c?sf] ue{kft u/fP/ k};f sdfpg ;'? ug'{x'g]5 . clg oL ;a} cfbz{sf s'/f x/fpg] 5g\ .t/ pgsf] s'/f ;To x'g kfPg . ;g\ !(*& df k|;"ltu[xaf6 hflu/ 5f]8]/ lgl:sPkl5 d}n] cfkm\gf cg'ejx? ;ufn]/ ue{kftnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbg'k5{ eg]/ n]vx? n]Vg yfn] . n]v 5flkPkl5  w]/} k|ltlj|mofx? cfPsf lyP, h:t}– lxGb" d"No–dfGotf eTsfpg] / klZrdL ;dfhsf] gSsn u/]/ ue{ktgnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbOg]h:tf n]v g]kfnL ;dfhdf u|fx\o 5}gcflb . t/ cfh ;don] s]xL sf]N6] ˚]/]sf] 5 . ue{ktgsf] clwsf/ dlxnfx?n] kfpg'k5{ eGg] dfu cfh ;a} If]qaf6 cfO/x]sf] 5 .

clxn] ue{ktg;DaGwL sfg'gnfO{ nlrnf] agfpg >L % sf] ;/sf/ :jf:Yo dGqfnocGtu{t k|hgg :jf:Yo :6]l/+sld6L ag]sf] 5 . pQm sld6Ln] ue{ktgnfO{ ljB]os kf; u/L sfg'gL?k lbg ljw]os kf; ug{ ;f+;bx?;u 5nkmn klg ul//x]sf] 5 . o;n] ;f+;bx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbgsf] nflu k'l:tsf klg tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf k|;"ltu[xsf 8fO/]S6/ 8f= ;/:jtL pkfWofo eGgx'G5, k|;"ltu[xdf ue{ktg;DaGwL ;d:of eP/ w]/} dlxnfx? cfp5g\ . c;'/lIft ue{ktg u/fP/ cfpg] dlxnfx?sf] ;ª\Vof w]/} al9/x]sf] 5 . ca g]kfndf ue{ktgnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbg'k5{, To;df nfdf] 5nkmn ul//xg' cfjZos 5}g .

sfg'g s;sf nflu <

g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] ue{ktg ug]{ / u/fpg] b'j}nfO{ ;hfo tf]s]sf] 5 . ue{ktg u/]/ cfPsf dlxnfx? sfg'gL?kdf ck/fwL x'gfn] c:ktfndf cfPsf s];x? k'ln;df btf{ x'g'k5{ . t/ xfd|f 8fS6/ / g;{x?sf] ;bfzotfn] To:tf]] Hofb} sd x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lrlsT;fsdL{x? sfg'g / /fHosf] kIfkftsf] l;sf/ eP/ c;'/lIft ue{ktg u/fpg] dlxnfnfO{ ck/fwL dfg]/ d'2f nufpg rfxb}gg\ . o; ;DaGwdf d}n] e/tk'/ c:ktfndf sfo{/t Ps :qL/f]u ljz]if1;u ;f]w]sL lyP,  c;'/lIft / cj}w ue{kft u/fP/ cfpg] dlxnfx?nfO{ tkfO+{++ lsg k'ln;df l/kf]6{ ug'{x'Gg <pgn] elgg\, o;/L cfpg] dlxnfx? k|foM d[To' / hLjgsf] bf];fwdf x'G5g\ . pgLx?sf] pkrf/ u/]/ hLjg–/Iff ug'{sf] ;f6f] pgLx?nfO{ k'ln;df lbg' xfd|f] ljj]sn] lbb}g . sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug{] lgsfox?n] rfxG5g\ eg] cfkm} ck/fwL vf]h"g\ . pgLx?nfO{ l/kf]6{ ug'{ t la/fdLx?sf] 3fpdf g"g–r's 5ls{g' xf] .8fS6/x?n] ljj]s k|of]u u/L c:ktfndf cfpg] s]; k'ln;df btf{ gu/fPem+} g]kfnsf gl;{ª\xf]dx?df :qL/f]u ljz]if1x?n] y'k|} k};f lnP/ ue{ktg u/fPsf 36gfx? klg st} btf{ x'b}gg\ .

>L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ;g\ !((* df tLgj6f lhNnfx?df ul/Psf] Ps cWoogdf (=& k|ltzt dft[d[To' c;'/lIft ue{ktgsf] sf/0fn] x'G5 egL b]vfPsf] 5 . x'g t o;df dfq #! hgfsf] tYofs+nfO{ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . t/ k|ltztsf] lx;fan] of] lgs} w]/} dfGg'k5{ . To;}u/L kl/jf/ :jf:Yo dxfzfvfn] ;g\ !((* df dft[d[To' / /f]u;DaGwL tLgj6f lhNnfdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf ue{;DaGwL sf/0fn] la/fdL eP/ c:ktfndf cfPsf dlxnfx?dWo] em08} %^ k|ltzt dlxnfx? ue{ktgsf sf/0faf6 cfPsf x'G5g\ eGg] b]vfOPsf] 5 . oLdWo] s]xL k|ltzt dlxnfx? cfkm} x'g] ue{ktg ePkl5 cfPsf lyP eg] w]/}h;f] dlxnfx? c;'/lIft ue{ktg u/fpbf  hl6ntf pTkGg eP/ cfPsf lyP .

To;}u/L k|;"ltu[x, yfkfynLdf !$ h]7 @)%@ b]lv !% h]7 @)%& ;Dd  ul/Psf] nfdf] cg';Gwfgn] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] :qL/f]u;DaGwL ;d:of lnP/ cfpg] s]; !^!%) lyP / tLgdf ^^^! s]; ue{ktg;DaGwL k/]sf lyP . To;}u/L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf s[kfaf6 ePsf] Ps cg';Gwfgdf k|;"lt  tyf :qL/f]u;DaGwL ljefudf egf{ x'g] @) b]lv ^) k|ltzt dlxnfx? ue{kftkl5 x'g] :jf:Yo ;d:of lnP/ c:ktfndf k'u]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] .

k|ToIf?kdf c;'/lIft ue{kft;DaGwL ;d:ofx? b]lvP tfklg c:ktfn cfpg] la/fdLx? ue{ktg u/fPsf] xf] eGg] s'/f d'l:snn] dfq :jLsf/ u5{g\ . k|;"ltu[xsf  Ps cg';Gwfgstf{sf cg';f/, la/fdLx?nfO{ lgs} s/ u/L kmsfP/ ;f]w]kl5 st} ue{kft u/fpbf hl6ntf pTkGg eO{ cfPsf] xf] eg]/ :jLsf/ ug]{ la/fdLx? dfq !! k|ltzt 5g\ . To:t} cg'ej u08sL c:ktfnsf 8fS6/x?sf] /x]sf] 5 . Toxf :qL/f]u;DaGwL ;d:of lnP/ cfpg] dlxnfx?dWo] em08} $)–%) k|ltzt dlxnfx?sf] hfr ubf{ ;lhn} yfxf x'G5, pgLx? s'g} cbIf JolQmaf6 c;'/lIft ue{kft u/fP kl5 l;h{gf ePsf]  ;d:ofsf sf/0f cfPsf x'G5g\ t/ klg pgLx? o; s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ x'b}gg\ . la=kL= d]df]l/on lrlsT;f zf:q cWoog ;+:yfgdf ul/Psf] Ps cWoogcg';f/ @)%& ;fneGbf cl3sf] rf/ jif{df To; c:ktfndf ePsf] dft[d[To'dWo] $$ k|ltzt c;'/lIft ue{kftn] ePsf]  lyof] eg] @)%& ;fndf Tof] a9]/ %* k|ltzt k'u]sf] lyof] . 

o:tf] eofjx cj:yf /x] tfklg g]kfnsf] sfg'gdf ue{kftnfO{ Hofg;DaGwL d'2fcGtu{t /flvPsf] 5 . Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] @* g+= n] eG5, pksf/sf] nflu s]xL ubf{ ue{ t'lxg uPsf]df afx]s s;}n] ue{ t'xfP, t'xfpg nfP jf t'xfpgsf nflu d2t u/] aft nfU5 .oxL dxnsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ dlxnfx?n] h]n hfg'k/]sf] 5 . oxf lj;u+lt s] 5 eg] ue{ t'xfpg nufP jf t'xfpgsf] nflu d2t u/] aft nfU5 elgG5, t/ Jojxf/df  o:tf d'2fdf k|foM dlxnfx? dfq k5{g\ .

s[kfn] ;g\ !((& df u/]sf] Ps cg';Gwfgdf b]vfOPsf] 5,  h]ndf k/]sf dlxnfx?dWo] ue{ktgsf] ck/fw / hfts d/]sf] ck/fwdf h]n kg{]x? @) k|ltzt dlxnfx? lyP . oxf pNn]vgLo s'/f s] 5  eg] d/]sf] aRrf hlG+dbf x'g] ;hfo sd 5, t/ aRrf hGd]kl5 df/]sf] ;hfo ;j{:jx/0f;lxt @) jif{sf] s}b tf]lsPsf] 5 . o;/L b'j} ;hfodf cToGt g} 7"nf] leGgtf /x]sf] 5 .

gVv' h]ndf Ps dlxnf lyOg\– sdnf . pgsf >Ldfg\ ef/tdf a:y] . b'O{ aRrfsL cfdf pgL >Ldfg\ ef/taf6 s]xL ;dosf nflu 3/ kms]{kl5 k'gM ue{jtL eO5g\ . t];|f] dlxgfdf pgsf] ue{ t'lxP5 . 3/glhs}sf] hUufdf v6k6 k/]sf Ps l5d]sLn] sdnfn] ue{kft u/fOg eg]/ hfx]/ u/] . k'ln;n] lagf s'g} zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f ue{kft u/fPs} xf] eg]/ d'r'Nsf tof/ kf¥of] . sdnfsf >Ldfg\ ef/taf6 cfP/ >LdtLn] ue{kft u/fPsf] x}g eg]/ eg] klg k'ln;n] pgsf] s'/f ;'g]g . ljleGg ;fIfLx?sf] aofg ;'g]/ cbfntn] pgnfO{ ;ft jif{sf] ;hfo tf]Sof] . >Ldfg\ b'O{j6f aRrf lnP/ ef/t uP . sdnfnfO{ /fd|f] rfnrngsf] cfwf/df kfr jif{kl5 h]naf6 5f]l8of] . d pgnfO{ e]6\g hfbf Ps xKtfkl5 >Ldfg\ / aRrf;u} ef/t hfg] eg]/ pgL v';L b]lvlGyg\\ . t/ Pp6f k|Zg oxf p7\5 – sdnfn] ue{kft u/fPsf] 7f]; k|df0flagf g} kfr jif{ h]ndf latfpg'k¥of], o;sf] Ifltk"lt{ x'g;S5 < 

s[kfn] ;g\ !((& df ljleGg h]ndf u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] ue{kftsf] ck/fwdf h]ndf kg]{ k'?ifx?sf] k|ltzt t ;Dk"0f{ h]ndf a;]sf k'?ifsf] )=)# k|ltzt 5 . k'gM oxf k|Zg p7\5 s] k'?ifx? dlxnfsf] ue{sf] nflu lhDd]jf/ x'b}gg\ < jf pgLx?n] aRrf hGd]kl5 dfg{ ;Sb}gg\ jf dlxnfnfO{ ljleGg h8La'6L VjfP/ ue{ktg u/fpg ;Sb}gg\ < To;}u/L g]kfnsf]  /fhgLlts g]tf / dfgjclwsf/sf] nflu n8\g] ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfn] ue{ktg;DaGwL unt sfg'gn] ubf{ nfvf+} dlxnfx?sf] hLjgdf k/]sf] gsf/fTds c;/af/] hfg]/ klg df}g lsg eOlbPsf x'g\ a'´g ;lsPsf] 5}g . clnslt hfGg];'Gg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f] xf] – ue{ktg u}/sfg'gL eP klg ;x/sf c:ktfnx?df k};f ePsfx?;u 8fS6/x? k|fOe]6 lSnlgs / gl;{+xf]ddf a;]/ dgdfgL k};f c;'n]/ ue{ktgsf] sfd ul/x]s} 5g\ . To;}n] ;x/sf Pshgf dlxnf klg cfh;Dd ue{ktgsf] s];df k/]/ h]n hfg' k/]sf] 5}g\ . ue{ktg u}/sfg'gL ePsf] sf/0f ufpsf dlxnfx? dfq ck/fwL alg/x]sf 5g\ .

dlxnfsf] ckdfg

g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] dlxnfn] ue{wf/0f ug'{ / To;nfO{ hGd lbg jf glbg' Tof] p;sf] k|hgg :jf:Yosf] clwsf/sf] s'/f xf] eg]/ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] s'g} klg sf/0fjz dlxnfsf] ue{ /xg uPdf To;nfO{ p;n] hGd lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . csf]{lt/ sfg'gn] hGd btf{ kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] k'?ifx?dWo] ;a}eGbf h]7f] JolQmn] ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L dlxnfnfO{ hGd btf{sf] clwsf/af6 ;d]t jl~rt u/L ue{wf/0f ug]{ / hGdfpg] cfdfsf] cl:tTjnfO{ c:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L gful/stf lbg] ljifodf klg aRrfnfO{ gful/stf lbg] clwsf/ afa'nfO{ dfq lbO{ cfdfsf] cl:tTjnfO{ c:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . x'g t lkt[Tjsf] 7]ufgf gnfu]sf] cj:yfdf cfdfsf] gfdaf6 aRrfnfO{ gful/stf lbOG5, t/ o; k|fjwfgn] klg /fHon] dft[TjnfO{ ckdflgt ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .

o;/L sfg'g dlxnfnfO{ ue{wf/0f u/]kl5 aRrf hGdfpg afWo u/fpg], t/ hlGd;s]sf] aRrfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;Ddfg / sfg'gL clwsf/x? lbg g;Sg] ljBdfg kl/l:yltn] w]/} k|Zgx? p7fPsf] 5 . h:t}, s] g]kfnL dlxnfx? o; b]zsf gful/s xf]Ogg\ < olb gful/s x'g\ eg] cfkm"n] hGdfPsf] aRrfsf] kl/ro ltgn] cfkm\gf gfdaf6 lsg lbg g;Sg] < s] dlxnfsf] :jtGq cl:tTj x'b}g < of] ue{ktgsf] clwsf/, aRrf hGdfpg] jf ghGdfpg] clwsf/;u dfq ;DalGwt geO{ k|To]s dlxnfsf] ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/, :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/, :jf:Yosf] clwsf/, uf]kgLotf clwsf/, cfkm\gf] lg0f{odf efu lng] clwsf/, hLjgsf] clwsf/, cfly{s ljsf; vf]Hg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ clwsf/ tyf of}g clwsf/ klg xf] .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] dlxnf ;dfgtfsf] nflu d'n'sL P]gsf]-P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljw]osdf Hofg;DaGwL dxndf ePsf] ue{ktg;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+zf]wg ug{ lgDg lnlvt Joj:yf k|:tfljt u/]sf] 5 M

!= ue{ af]Sg] :jf:gL dflg; ljjflxt eP nf]Ug]sf] ;xdlt lnO{ !@ xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ktg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf k|:tfljt u/]sf] 5 . To:t} hah{:tL s/0fL jf xf8gftf s/0fLaf6 /xg uPsf] !* xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ktg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf k|:tfljt u/]sf] 5 .

@= ue{ktg gu/fPdf ue{jtL dlxnfsf] Hofgdf vt/f k'Ug;S5 jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s :jf:Yo v/fa x'g;S5 jf ljsnfu+ aRrf hGdg] eP lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfxdf hlxn];'s} ue{ktg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf k|:tfljt u/]sf] 5 .

d'n'sL P]g -P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljw]osn] df}h'bf sfg'gL Joj:yfdf s]xL ;'wf/ Nofpg vf]h] tfklg cem klg o;n] dlxnfnfO{ k"0f{ k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/ k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . pQm ljw]osdf ue{ktg;DaGwdf d'Votof lgDg sldsdhf]/Lx? /x]sf 5g\ M

– dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] z/L/dfly lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ cem} klg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5}g .

– afx| xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ktg u/fpg ljjflxtf dlxnfn] dfq kfpg] x'bf   cljjflxt dlxnfsf] ;d:of sfod} /x]sf] 5 .

– ljjflxtf dlxnfn] klg ue{ktg u/fpbf >Ldfg\sf] ;xdlt lng'kg]{ ;xdltnfO{ rflxg] eg]/ /flvPsf] 5 .

– :jf:gLdflg;sf] OR5fljk/Lt lghnfO{ s/sfk, nnfOkmsfO{ ue{ktg u/fpg afWo kfl/g] tyf ue{df /x]sf] lzz'sf] lnu+ k/LIf0f ug]{ cfw'lgs k|fljlwsf] b'?kof]u ug]{nfO{ ;hfosf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g .

– l/;OjLn] hfgfhfgL ul/g] ue{ktgnfO{ sd ;hfo ug]{ ljBdfg Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5}g .

– ue{, ue{ktg, of]Uotfk|fKt lrlsT;sh:tf zAb / zAbfjnLx?sf] :ki6 kl/efiff ePsf] 5}g .

ue{ktg;u ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwL dxnaf6 x6fO{ cGt/f{li6o?kdf dfGotf k|fKt k|hgg clwsf/df cfwfl/t Pp6f 5'§} / a[xt\ ue{ktg;DaGwL sfg'gsf] th'{df ug'{k5{ . To;df xfnsf] ljw]osdf /x]sf sdL–sdhf]/Lx? ;a} x6fpg'k5{ . dlxnfx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ k|hgg;DaGwL clwsf/ ;Ddflgt, ;+/lIft / Jojxf/df ;'lglZrt ug{'k5{ . dlxnfsf] ;dfgtf, :jf:Yo / hLjgsf] clwsf/nfO{ k|Tofe"t ug]{ sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ug{ Pp6f cy{k"0f{ d:of}bfsf] cfjZostf g]kfnL dlxnfx?nfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]6\g] u/L 5'§} sfg'gsf] th'{df ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj k]; ul/Psf] 5 . ue{ktg u/fpg kfpg] cj:yfx?, sfg'gL ue{ktgsf nflu cfjZos sfo{ljlw, uf]kgLotf / ljZjf;gLotf, cfly{s ;xof]u /  ue{ktg ;]jf;DaGwL ;"rgf k|jfx . dlxnfx?nfO{ oL ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf lbPsf] v08df olb dlxnfx?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] k|of]u ubf{ub}{ klg ue{ /xg uof] eg] cfkm\gf] cj:yf / OR5fcg';f/ ue{ktg u/fpg] 5g\ jf /x]sf] ue{nfO{ hGd lbg]5g\ .

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