|
dlxnf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df hgdtsf] l;h{gf M
Pkm\Pd\ /]l8of]sf] pkof]u
d~h' yfkf
klqsfb]lv /]l8of];Ddsf] ofqf
5fkf dfWodaf6 cl:dtf klqsf lgsfn]/
g]kfnL gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] xf]:6]df x};] yKg nfu]sf] !! jif{ lalt;s]sf]
lyof] / w]/yf]/ ?kdf dfG5]x?n] o; klqsfdf n]lvPsf s'/fx?nfO{ k9\g tyf
kTofpg klg yfln;s]sf lyP . @)%$ ;fnsf] ;'?cft;u} klxnf]k6s /]l8of] ;u/dfyfn]
lghL :t/af6 /]l8of] k|;f/0f ;'? u/]kl5 t qmdzM Pkm\Pd\ /]l8of]x?sf] nx/ :jfQ}
a9\of] . sf7df8f}+ pkTosf kfr–5j6f Pkm\ Pd\ /]l8of]x?sf] xNnLvNnLn]
u'~hfodfg eof] . Pkm\ Pd\ x?n] eg]sf s'/fx?sf] rrf{–kl/rrf{ / Toxf ah]sf
uLt–;uL+tx? dflg;sf] cf]7–cf]7df em'l08Psf] ;'lgg yfNof] . of] Pp6f
To:tf] pn{+bf] nx/ lyof] h;n] cg]sf}+ 6]lnlehg Rofgn x]g]{ ljsNk cfO;s]kl5
/]l8of]sf] eljio ;lsof] eg]/ ;f]+Rg]x?nfO{ lg?Q/ agfOlbPsf] lyof] . o;n]
sfo{qmd /f]rs / pkof]uL x'g;Sof] eg] hlt;'s} ljsNkx? eP klg dflg;x? cem}
klg /]l8of] ;'G5g\ / ;'Gg dgk/fp5g\ eg] tYonfO{ k'li6 ul/lbPsf] lyof] .
ykdf, vf;u/L gof k':tfsf o'jfx?nfO{ oL Pkm\ Pd\ /]l8of]x?n] cfkm\gf]
7"nf] >f]tf ;d"x agfPsf lyP / oL o'jfx? jf:tjdf l;uf+]
/]l8of] dfWodsf nflu g} lgtfGt gof >f]tfx? lyP .
cl:dtfsf] k|sfzg q}dfl;saf6 ;'?
eP/ å}dfl;s x'b} dfl;sdf cfO{;s]sf] lyof] . t/ klg tYo, ;"rgf /
z'4tfdf a9L lrlGtt tyf z}nL / k|:t'ltdf sd hfu?ssf k|of]ufTds ePsf]n]
x'g;S5, cl:dtf cem} klg sf7df8f}+nufotsf ;x/–ahf/df kl9g'kg{] hlt k9fpg
;lsPsf] 5}g eGg] cfTdljZn]if0f lyof] . To;}u/L, b]zsf b"/b/fh
7fpx?df klg st} nlIot ;d"xdf lzIffsf] sdLn], st} r':t ljt/0fsf]
cefjn] / st} eflifs Pjd\ k|:t'ltut lSni6tfn] ubf{ cl:dtfn] lbg rfx]sf]
s'/f w]/} hgfsf] aLrdf k'u]sf] 5}g eGg] nflu/xGYof] .
cfGtl/s ljZn]if0fsf log}
k|lqmofx?df l;uf+] ;+:yfn] ;"rgf / ljrf/ ;Dk|]if0fsf] csf{] k|efjsf/L
af6f] vf]Hb} lyof] eg] ;~rf/sf] If]qdf cfPsf gof–gof dfWodx?sf]
cg'ej / sfd ug{] tf}/tl/sfnfO{ s;/L l;Sg] eGg] lh1f;f klg k|z:t lyof] .
/]l8of], l6eL / j]a klqsfsf] lgdf{0f;Dd o;sf qmlds v'8\lsnfx? x'g;Sy] .
;"rgf / ljrf/ ;Dk|]if0fsf]
k|efjsf/L af6f]x?sf] vf]hL ubf{ /]l8of]sf] pkof]u tTsfnsf nflu cl:dtf ;+:yfsf]
lglDt cfly{s Jooef/sf lx;fan] klg ;a}eGbf ;lhnf] kx'r ePsf] ;fwg lyof]
. o;/L Psflt/ cl:dtf ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, o;sf ultljlw / k|efjx?sf]
cfTdd"Nof°g tyf o;n] jxg ug{;Sg] cfly{s ef/sf b[li6sf]0fn] dlxnf
ljifo k|wfg /]l8of] sfo{qmd rnfpg' cfjZos / pkof]uL b]lvPsf] lyof] .
csf{lt/ ;~rf/sf] /]l8of] dfWodsf]
lbgx' a9\bf] k|efj tyf Toxf ;Dk|]lift ;"rgf / cGo ;fdu|Lx?sf]
ljZn]if0fn] klg o:tf] sfo{qmdsf] vfrf] cf}+NofO/x]sf] lyof] . Pkm\ Pd\
/]l8of]x?sf] nx/n] /]l8of]sf] nf]slk|otf r'ln+b} uO/x]sf] lyof], t/ To;
nf]slk|o dfWodaf6 clxn]sf] hNbf]aNbf] k|;u+ n}lu+s ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fnfO{
6]jf k'Ug] lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? vf;} k|;f/0f x'g ;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ .
sflGtk'/ Pkm\ Pd\, Snfl;s Pkm\
Pd\, lx6\; Pkm\ Pd\h:tf /]l8of] Rofgnx? au|]NtL ;fuL+lts v'/fs kl:slbP/
lszf]/ / o'jf ju{sf >f]tfx?sf] dg lhTg ;kmn eO/x]sf lyP eg] klAns
/]l8of] ;u/dfyf ;fgfb]lv 7"nf;Dd ;fdflhs ;jfnx?df Jofks ;"rgf
lbg / To;sf] ljin]if0f ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx? k|:t't ug{df sxlnPsf] lyof] . t/
b'vnfUbf] s'/f, oL b'j} vfn] Pkm\ Pd\x?n] g]kfnsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] cl3
;f/]sf ;jfnx?nfO{ d'Vo ljifo agfP/ cnUu} sfo{qmd lbg ;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ .
/]l8of] ;u/dfyfn] dlxnf / :jf:YonfO{ d'Vo ljifo agfP/ ;fKtflxs?kdf Pp6f
sfo{qmd rnfO/x]sf] lyof] tfklg dlxnf / ;dfh;u hf]l8Psf cGo ljifonfO{
klg ;d]6\g] ;"rgfd"ns tyf cGtlqm{ofTds cnUu} sfo{qmdsf] vfrf] dx;';
eO/x]sf] lyof] .
oxL jf:tljstfnfO{ csf]{ sf]0faf6
x]bf{, Pkm\ Pd\ Rofgnx?sf sf/0f /]l8of]s} k'ghf{u/0f eO/x]sf] ;dodf klg
g]kfnsf] gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngn] To; dfWodnfO{ cfkm\gf] nIo k|flKtsf] kIfdf
pkof]u ug{] s'/f ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPg / ug{ ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . tTsfnLg o:tf]
j:t'ut kl/l:yltn] ubf{ klg st} g st} jf s'g} g s'g} Rofgndf cl:dtf h:tf]
/]l8of] klqsf rnfpg' k5{ / n}lus+ ;dtfd"ns tyf Gofok"0f{ ;dfh
ljsf;sf] Wo]on] cl3 a9]sf] g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu /]l8of]
dfWodsf] pkof]u ug'{k5{ eGg] 7x/ ;+:yfn] ul/;s]sf] lyof] .
o; 7x/nfO{ sfo{?k lbg cfkm\gf]
hgzlQmnfO{ ;Ifd agfpg] / c? pkfox? vf]hL ug]{ sfd ul//x]s} ;dodf Pslbg
/]l8of] ;u/dfyfaf6 dlxnf ;jfnnfO{ phfu/ ug{ sfo{qmd agfpg] ls eGg] k|:tfj
cl:dtf dlxnf k|sfzg u[x;fd' cfof], df}sfsf] tfsdf a;]h:t} cl:dtf ;+:yfn]
Tof] k|:tfj ;xif{ :jLsf/ u¥of] / o;/L ;'? eof] cl:dtf /]l8of] klqsf
zlQmsf] k|;f/0f sxfgL . /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf] lgMz'Ns t/uL+o ;do, Ps]8dL ckm\
cl8of] leh'cn cf6{; PG8 ;fOG;]h :6'l8of]sf] k|fljlws ;xof]u, PS;g P8
g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;xof]u / cl:dtf dlxnf k|sfzg u[xsf] pTkfbgsf] ;femf kl/0ffdsf
?kdf /]l8of] klqsf zlQm >f]tfx?dfem k'¥ofpg ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . ;'?cft\sf
tLg dlxgfkl5 eg] of] sfo{qmd cl:dtf dlxnf k|sfzg u[x / /]l8of] ;u/dfYffsf]
;+o'Qm k|:t'ltsf] ?kdf /xb} cfPsf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ff p2]Zo / :j?k
/]l8of] ;u/dfyfdf sfo{qmd rnfpg]
lgwf] eO;s]kl5 pQm sfo{qmdn] s;nfO{ nlIot ug{] / s] p2]Zox? /fVg] eg]/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{] x'GYof] . cfjZostf hlt g} 7"nf] eP klg Pp6}
sfo{qmdaf6 ;a} :t/ / ;d"xsf >f]tfnfO{ rflxg] / dgkg{] ;fdu|L lbg ;ls+b}gYof]
. To;}n] sfo{qmdsf] lglZrt p2]Zo / >f]tfx? to ug'{kg{] cj:yf cfof] .
g]kfnsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf
clxn];Dd b]lvPsf] Pp6f k|d'v ;d:of o;n] p7fPsf ;jfnx?sf] x}l;ot;u
d'Vo?kdf ufl;Psf] 5 . clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejdf, ;fdfGotof dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]
p7fpg] ;a}h;f] ;jfnx? dlxnfsf nflu sfd ug{] elgPsf ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts
;+3–;+:yfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{ / :jfy{ l;4 ug{ nufpg] gf/fsf
?kdf a9L lnOg] ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg clwsf/, lzIffsf] ;dfg
cj;/, cfkm\gf] z/L/dfly dlxnfsf] cfkm\gf] clwsf/, :jf:Yo ;]jf / ;'ljwfdf
dlxnfsf] kx'rh:tf tdfd ;jfnx?df n's]sf] r'/f] s'/fnfO{ a'´g] tyf To;sf]
k|flKtdf ;3fpg]eGbf of] gf/LjfbL ;+:yf / JolQmx?sf] s'/f xf] / pgLx?n]
p7fP k'U5 eg]/ lsgf/f nufpg] sfd kbLo cf]xf]bfdf /x]sf tyf g/x]sf w]/}
JolQmx?af6} x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
t/ o;f] x'g'sf kl5 s]xL vf; sf/0fx?
/x]sf 5g\ . Psftkm{ kl/jlt{t cj:yf tyf e"ldsfnfO{ :jLsfg{ grfxg] /
g;Sg] u/L JolQmdf /x]sf] oyfl:yltjfbL dfgl;stf o;sf] k5fl8 ljBdfg Pp6f
k|d'v sf/ssf] ?kdf b]lvG5 . csf]{tkm{ oL ;jfnx?df cfd hgdt a6'Ng g;Sg'df
o;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] d'Vo If]q / ljifo agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf ;+:yfx?sf] ultljlw /
;f]rfO klg k|z:t lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . o;/L vf; ;+:yfx? tyf ;d"xx?sf]
ljifosf] ?kdf dfq} kl/eflift / k|rfl/t ul/P/ lsgf/f nufOPsf oL tdfd ;jfnx?nfO{
;a}sf] rf;f] / lrGtfsf] ;fdflhs /fli6«o ;jfnsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;3fpg'
cl:dtf /]l8of] klqsf zlQmsf] Pp6f k|d'v p2]Zo x'g'k5{ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUof]
.
ha ljifon] slt ef}uf]lns If]q /
s'g–s'g txsf hgtf;u ;/f]sf/ /fV5 eGg] s'/fsf] lgSof{}n x'G5, ta To;sf]
dxTj / cfjZostf klg v'l§Og ;S5 . g]kfnsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf p7fOPsf clwstd
;jfnx?n] b]zleq /xg] l;uf+] dlxnf ;d'bfo, pgLx?;u hf]l8Og] ;a} JolQm,
kl/jf/ / ;dfh;u g} ;Lwf ;DaGw /fVg] x'bf o;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] bfo/f
cToGt 7"nf] 5, t/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? cfkm} cfkm"nfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf ePsf]
dx;'; ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] dlxnfjfbL ;jfn xfd|f] klg ;jfn xf] / o;n]
hGdfPsf ;d:ofx?sf] plrt lgsf;df xfdLn] klg ;3fpg'k5{ eGg] efjgf ;a}df
hufpg' / ;jfnsf cg]s kxn'x?af/] ;"rgf lbg], 5nkmn u/fpg] sfo{qmdsf]
Pp6f d'Vo ultljlw agfpg'kg]{ b]lvof] .
g]kfnL dlxnfx? JolQm, ;dfh /
/fHo4f/f ul/Psf ljleGg vfn] zf]if0f / e]befjsf l;sf/ x'g'k/]sf] 5, h;n]
ubf{ pgLx? pGgltsf nflu rflxg] cj;/ kfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ / pknlAwsf] bf}8df
klg k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f nfdf] ;dob]lv xfd|f] ;dfhdf cfd sygsf] ?kdf
elg+b} / bf]xf]¥ofOb} cfPsf] 5 . of] syg w]/} xb;Dd ;To 5 tfklg
slxn]sxL cleJolQmdf a]d]n, clt/~hgf / k'i6\ofOsf] cefj eg] k|z:t b]lvG5
. h'g;'s} sf/0fn] hlGdPsf] / anjfg\ ePsf] eP klg of] dfGotf / cjwf/0ffn]
cfd dlxnfsf] 5ljnfO{ k/lge{/, sdhf]/, bAa' / cg'Tkfbs agfO/x]sf] 5 .
dlxnfsf] oxL :yflkt :j?kleq} ca
csf{] Pp6f gof ;To klg qmdzM ‰oflu+b} / :yflkt x'b} uO/x]sf]
5 . Tof] s] xf] eg] dlxnfx? -yf]/} ;xL_n] ;fdflhs hLjgsf ljleGg
If]qx?df ;xefuL eP/ cfkm\gf] of]ubfg lbg / cfkm"n] klg vf; pknlAw
xfl;n ug{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ . t/ oL gof ;Tox? Tolt ;xh?kdf ;dfhdf :jLsfo{
x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ lsgls dlxnfsf] o; abln+bf] e"ldsfn] pgsf] klxn]sf]
:yflkt 5ljnfO{ lgif]w u5{ . s]xL dlxnfx?n] u/]sf /fd|f pknlAwx?nfO{ ckjfb
/ JolQmut pknlAw eg]/ lsgf/f nufof] eg] cfd dlxnfnfO{ k'/fg} ?kdf x]g{ /
pgLaf6 ToxL e"ldsfsf] dfu ug{ ;lsG5 .
To;}n] cem} klg ;dfhsf]
7"nf] lx:;fn] dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs If]qsf] of]ubfgnfO{ dfGotf lbg / cfd
dlxnf ;Ifd, ;an, cfTdlge{/ / pTkfbs zlQm x'g;Sg] ;TonfO{ v'nf dgn] :jLsfg{
g;ls/x]sf] xf] ls eGg] a]nfa]nfdf cg'e"lt x'G5 . t;y{ ljleGg If]qdf
sfo{/t ;kmn dlxnfnfO{ /]l8of];fd' pEofP/ pgLx?sf] sfd, cg'ej / ljrf/nfO{
>f]tfaLr k'¥ofpg ;s]df JolQm jf ;d'xsf ?kdf dlxnfnfO{ ;fdflhs of]ubfg
ug{] zlQmsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg;S5 . o;/L JolQmut?kdf dlxnfx?n]
u/]sf of]ubfgnfO{ ;fdflhs dfGotf lbnfpg k|of; ug'{ sfo{qmdsf] csf]{ p2]Zo
aGg k'Uof] .
To;}u/L dlxnfx? ;xefuL eP/ /
dlxnf ljifos ;jfnx?nfO{ lnP/ :yfgLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ljleGg
lsl;dsf ;lqmotfx? eO/x]sf 5g\, t/ oL k|of;x?n] cfjZos k|rf/k|;f/ kfpg ;s]sf
5}gg\ . To;}n] ;lqmotfsf tL 36gfx?nfO{ dxTjsf ;fy k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{ o;
sfo{qmdsf] csf{] p2]Zo x'gk'Uof] . lsgeg] o;n] klg cGttM >f]tfnfO{ ;DalGwt
ultljlwx?af/] hfGg–a'‰g d2t ug{] / ;jfnnfO{ :yflkt ug{] sfddf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg;Sg] ;Defjgf lyof] .
o;/L p2]Zox? lglZrt eO;s]kl5
sfo{qmd s;sf nflu t eGg] cfwf/e"t k|Zg hlGdg' klg :jfefljs lyof] .
klxnf] s'/f t, dfl;s klqsf cl:dtf gk9\g] jf sd k9\g] JolQmx? g} /]l8of]
klqsf zlQmsf >f]tf x'g'k5{ eGg] cl:dtf ;d"xsf] dfGotf /x]sf] lyof]
. To;}n] To:tf JolQmx? sf] x'g ;S5g\ eg]/ vf]hL ubf{ ;fdfGo k9fn]vf
u[lx0fLb]lv cfocfh{gsf] Pp6f lglZrt Joj;fodf dfq ;Lldt lzlIft dlxnf–k'?ifx?
g} o; ;d"xdf kg{] ;Defjgf b]lvof] . lsgeg] ;fdflhs If]q / k|fl1s
If]qdf sfo{/t JolQmx?n] eg] cl:dtf k9\g] u/]sf] jf cl:dtfn] p7fpg]h:tf
ljifo / ;jfnx?df cGo dfWodaf6 klg ;"rgf / ljrf/ k9\g kfpg] l:ylt lyof]
.
To;afx]s cIf/} k9\g ghfg] klg
dlxnf / ;dfhsf s'/fdf ;fdfGo ?lr / rf;f] /fVg] lg/If/ JolQmx?sf nflu klg
of] sfo{qmd pkof]uL x'g;SYof] . cflwsfl/s s';L{df a;]sf / gLlt lgdf{0f
txdf /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ o; sfo{qmdn] ;Lw} nlIot ;d"x agfPsf] geP klg
pgLx?sf] txaf6 oL ;jfnx?df eP–u/]sf /fd|f g/fd|f s'/fx?af/] plNnlvt
nlIot ;d"xnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] d~r lyof] zlQm sfo{qmd . o;af6 klg
ck|ToIf?kdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ /fd|f] sfdsf nflu bafj l;h{gf x'g] ;Defjgf
lyof] .
zlQmsf] nlIot ;d"x x'g'k5{
eg]/ 7DofOPsf] of] hg;d'bfo cToGt 7"nf] lyof] / o;sf] k|efj / kx'r
k|To]s 3/kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhsf x/]s ;+:yf;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] . t/ o; ;d"xdf
dlxnf ;jfnk|lt b]lvPsf] pbf;Lgtf, pk]Iff / a]jf:tfn] Psflt/ oL ;jfnx?;u
hff]l8Psf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgdf cK7]/f] l;h{gf ul//x]sf] lyof] eg] csf{lt/
o; ;d"xn] dlxnfx?sf ljz]if ;d:of / l:yltx?sf] r'/f] a'‰g g;Sbf
dlxnfx?k|lt ;sf/fTds / ;b\efjk"0f{ efjgfsf] cefj /x]sf] lyof] /
dlxnfx?df cfTdljZjf; tyf cfTd;Ddfgsf] sdL b]lvGYof] . To;}n] of] ;d"x
dlxnf / dlxnf x'b} ;dfh;u hf]l8Psf ljleGg ;jfnx?df ;"lrt x'g,
hfu?s x'g / k|ltlqmofTds x'g' cToGt cfjZos lyof] . o;f] x'g;s]sf] cj:yfdf
tL ;jfn;u hf]l8Psf ;d:ofx?sf] ;xL ;dfwfg klxNofpg / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u
k'Ug ;SYof] . o;/L nlIot ;d"xsf] klg 6'uf+] nfu]kl5 sfo{qmdsf] :j?k
lgwf{/0fdf zlQmsf] ;d"x h'6]sf] lyof] .
/]l8of] ;u/dfyfn] ;'?d} cfOtaf/
laxfgsf] $% ldg]6 cl:dtf ;d"xnfO{ lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fO{ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fk|ltsf]
cfkm\gf] ;lbR5f / P]Soa4tfnfO{ k|:6;u hfx]/ u/]sf] lyof] . /]l8of]sf
nflu kf}g] 306f ;do lgs} nfdf] x'g] x'bf Pp6} ljwf dfq ePsf] sfo{qmd
gagfO{ ljljw ;fdu|L ;d]l6Psf] /]l8of] klqsf rnfpg' pko'Qm nfUof] /
sfo{qmdsf] gfd g} cl:dtf /]l8of] klqsf zlQm eg]/ /flvof] .
lgwf{l/t p2]Zo cg'?k ;'?b]lv
clxn];Dd o; /]l8of] klqsfdf ljleGg dlxnf ;jfndf ;DalGwt lj1x?;u s'/fsfgL
ul/Psf] :tDe ‘cl:dtf 8anL / ljleGg If]q tyf k];fdf of]ubfg u/]sf dlxnf
JolQmTjx?sf] cg'ej / ljrf/x?nfO{ pxfx?s} k|:t'ltdf JoQm ug{] :tDe
‘cfkm\g} cleJolQm lgoldt?kdf k|;f/0f ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 . To;afx]s
1fg–lj1fgsf If]qdf ePsf gof–gof /f]rs v]fh, cg';Gwfg / Jofjxfl/s
hLjgdf pkof]uL x'g] ;fdfu|Lx? ;lxtsf] ‘OGb|wg'if tyf dlxnfx?sf ljleGg ;d:of,
cj:yf / kIfx?sf] ;DaGwdf tof/ ul/g] ‘/]l8of] lkmr/ klg sfo{qmdsf lgoldt
;fdu|L x'g\ . To;}u/L ljleGg :t/df ePsf dlxnf ;lqmotfnfO{ klg ;dfrf/sf] ?kdf
sfo{qmddf 7fp lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .
cg'ej / pknlAw
o;/L @)%^ df3 kfr ut]b]lv
k|;f/0f ;'? ePsf] cl:dtf /]l8of]
klqsf zlQmn] @)%* ebf} d;fGt;Dd *$ c°sf] ofqf k"/f ul/;s]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf] cjlw slxn] $% slxn] ^) / slxn] @% x'b} clxn] #) ldg]6df cfP/
l:y/ ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;'? ePsf] em08} 8]9 jif{kl5 ca Psk6s o; sfo{qmdn]
af]s]sf p2]Zox?, k|;f/0fsf bf}/fg kfPsf cg'ejx? / pknAwLx?sf] df]6fdf]6L
d"Nof°g ug{] ;do eO;s]sf] 5 .
s'g} klg sfo{qmdnfO{ d"Nof°g
ug'{kbf{ ;j{k|yd To;nfO{ nlIot ;d"xdf slt k'¥ofpg ;lsof] t eGg] k|Zg
clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o; s;Ldf /fv]/ x]bf{ /]l8of] klqsf zlQm jf:tjd}
slt >f]tfx?n] ;'G5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ s'g} cf}krfl/s ;j{]If0f ug{ ;lsPsf]
5}g . oBlk To;sf] cfjZostf cToGt 7"nf] 5 . cgf}krfl/s ;"rsx?nfO{
x]bf{ 5flkPsf] cl:dtf klqsf gk9\g] w]/} dlxnf–k'?ifx?n] cfkm"x?n]
/]l8of] klqsf zlQm ;'Gg] u/]sf] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . t/ b'vsf] s'/f, oxL s'/fsf]
cleJolQm ;d]t tL JolQmx?af6 lnlvt / cf}krfl/s?kdf sd} dfq kfOPsf] 5, h;n]
ubf{ d"nt cf}krfl/s cgf}krfl/s e]63f6x? / 6]lnkmf]gsf dfWodaf6 JoQm
egfOx? g} xfd|f nflu >f]tfsf] ljrf/ a'‰g] tl/sf aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .
o:tf cj;/x?df cln w]/} JolQmx?n]
cfkm"x?n] sfo{qmd æ;'Gg] u/]sf]Æ ;fdfGo k|ltlqmof lbg] u/]sf 5g\
tfklg s]xL JolQmx?n] jf:tjd} sfo{qmddf p7fOPsf ;jfnx?, cfdlGqt lj1x? /
l;uf+] sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf ;dfnf]rgfTds /fo lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltkosf nflu t
of] sfo{qmd ljleGg k]]]];f / If]qdf ;kmntf kfPsf dlxnf JolQmTjnfO{ lrGg] /
pgLx?nfO{ e]6\g] dfWod ;d]t ag]sf] 5 . s]xL kqsf/x?n] ;d]t zlQm ;'g]/ cfkm\gf]
ljifosf] 5gf}6 / ;|f]t JolQmsf] rog u/]sf 5g\ .
zlQm
*$ c° k|;f/0f eO;Sbf;Dd hDdf *% hgf dlxnf–k'?ifn] ljleGg If]q /
ljifosf lj1sf ?kdf o; sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf egfOx? /fv]sf lyP . ;|f]tJolQmsf]
e"ldsf lgefPsfx?dWo] k'?ifx?sf] ;ª\Vof @# / dlxnfx?sf] ;ª\Vof ^@
lyof] . To;}u/L zlQm sfo{j|mdsf] ‘cfkm\g} cleJolQm‘ :tDedf cltlysf ?kdf
cfP/ ^* hgf ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t dlxnf JolQmTjx?n] cfkm", cfkm\gf]
sfd / o; If]qsf af/]df cf–cfkm\gf cg'ej / ljrf/x? >f]tfnfO{ ;'gfPsf
lyP . ljleGg ljifodf tof/ ul/Psf /]l8of] lkmr/x? / hgaf]nL -vox pop_dfkm{t\
cfkm\gf ljrf/x? ;'gfpg] dlxnf–k'?ifx?sf] ;ª\Vof cem w]/} 7"nf]
/x\of] .
o;/L ;du|?kdf eGg'kbf{ sfo{j|md
zlQmn] ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t dlxnfx?nfO{ ;|f]tJolQm, lj1 jf pbfx/0fLo
JolQmTjsf ?kdf cufl8 Nofpg ;Gtf]ifhgs e"ldsf v]n]sf] sfo{j|md lgdf{tf
;d"xnfO{ dx;'; ePsf] 5 . k|;fl/t /]l8of] sfo{j|mdx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ ;|f]tJolQmsf
?kdf sd} dfq lgDTofOg] u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf of] Pp6f ;sf/fTds pknlAw g}
dfGg'k5{ . To;f] t sltko /]l8of] sfo{qmd lgdf{tfx?n] k|z:t ;ª\Vofdf
dlxnfnfO{ ;|f]tJolQmsf] ?kdf klxNofpg / lgDTofpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] klg
a]nfavtdf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\, t/ cl:dtf ;d"xn] olt w]/} dlxnfx?nfO{
/]l8of] sfo{qmddf ;|f]tJolQmsf ?kdf Nofpg ;Sg'df s]xL ljz]if sf/0fx? klg /x]sf
5g\ .
klxnf] s'/f t, zlQm sfo{qmd
lgdf{Tff ;d"xn] ‘cl:dtf 8anLdf 5nkmn ul/g] s'g} klg ljifosf nflu ;Dej
eP;Dd dlxnfnfO{ g} ;|f]tJolQmsf ?kdf lgDTofpg] cfkm\gf] Wo]o agfPsf] lyof]
lsgls dlxnfx?sf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{ / pgLx?sf] IfdtfnfO{ ;dfhdf :yflkt
ug{ dlxnfx?df /x]sf] lj1tfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ ;fj{hlgs?kdf To;nfO{ k|:t't ug'{
cToGt cfjZos lyof] . cl:dtfn] klxNo}b]lv dlxnfs} If]qdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf]
x'bf s'g ljifosf nflu sf] dlxnf JolQmTj ;|f]tJolQm x'g;S5g\ eGg] s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L kfpg' lgdf{tfx?sf nflu ;lhnf] lyof] . slxn]sfxL yfxf gePsf]
l:yltdf klg ;DalGwt If]qdf sfo{/t JolQm / ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf lj1
dlxnfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ ul/Psf] lyof] . lgodLt ?kdf lglZrt ;dofjlwdf k|;f/0f
ug'{kg]{ sfo{qmddf o;/L ;|f]tJolQmsf] vf]hL ubf{ ;w}e/L k"0f{ hfgsf/L,
1fg / cleJolQm Ifdtf ePsf JolQTjx? gkfOg' :jfefljs} lyof] tfklg sfo{qmddf
lgDTofOPsf clwsf+z dlxnf -k'?if klg_ ;|f]tJolQmx? sfo{qmdsf nflu ;xL /
pko'Qm g} lyP . o;n] s] b]vfp5 eg] xfdLsxf ljleGg ljifosf lj1
dlxnfx?sf] sdL t 5}g, t/ pgLx?sf] lj1tfnfO{ :jLsfg]{, vf]hL ug]{ / :yfg
lbg] ;~rf/ k|j[ltsf] cefj eg] lgs} v8\ls+bf] 5 .
h] xf];\, o;/L Psflt/ ljleGg
dlxnfx?nfO{ lj1 / ;kmn JolQmsf ?kdf sfo{j|mddf lgDTofP/ zlQmn] pgLx?sf]
of]ubfg / pknlAwnfO{ ;fdflhs dfGotf lbnfpg ;3fp k'¥ofPsf] 5 . csf{lt/,
pgLx?n] ljleGg k];f / cfod"ns If]qdf kfPsf] ;kmntfsf s'/fx? ;'g]/
zlQmsf sltko >f]tfx?n] klg cfkm\gf nflu sfdsf] If]q klxNofpg sf]l;; u/]sf
5g\ . To:tf ;kmn dlxnfx?nfO{ e]6\g / s'/f ug{ w]/}
>f]tfn] cl:dtfdf ;Dks{ u/L pgLx?sf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf, kmf]g cflb
dfUg] u/]sf] tYonfO{ o;}sf] k|df0f dfGg ;lsG5 .
lgZro g} ;fuLlts ;fdu|L k:sg] /
>f]tf ;xeflutfnfO{ a9L 7fp lbg] sfo{j|mdx? h;/L ;"rgf ;jfnnfO{
dxTj lbg] / lj1x?nfO{ dfq 5nkmndf ;l/s u/fpg] /]l8of]sf sfo{j|mdx?
Toltljlw nf]slk|o x'b}gg\ jf o:tf sfo{qmdsf >f]tfx?n] cfkm\gf]
k|ltlqmof cf}krfl/s tj/df JoQm ul/xfNb}gg\ . of] tYo /]l8of];u ;Da4 c?
sfo{j|md k|:tf]tf / lgdf{tfn] klg a]nfa]nfdf :jLsfg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L
x]bf{ sfo{qmd zlQm /]l8of] ;u/dfyfaf6 k|;fl/t sfo{qmdx?dWo] cToGt nf]slk|o
sfo{qmddf gkg'{ :jfefljs g} lyof] .
csf]{ kIf, h;/L 5fkf dfWoddf klg
dlxnfk|wfg ;fdu|Lx? / kqklqsfx? cem} klg cfd kf7ssf] ?lrleq kg{;s]sf
5}gg\, p;/L g} dlxnf ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ k|d'v ;fdu|L agfPsf] /]l8of]sf]
zlQm sfo{j|md klg cTolws >f]tfx?sf nflu ;'g'–;'g' g} nfUg]
sfo{j|md gePsf] x'g;S5 . t/ klg sfo{j|mdsf lgoldt >f]tfx?n] JoQm u/]sf
l6Kk0fL / k|ltlj|mofx? s]nfpbf s] b]lvG5 eg] sfo{j|mdn]] cufn]sf
p2]Zox? j|mdzM s]xL ?kdf k"/f x'b} uO/x]sf 5g\ oBlk o;sf] dfqf slt
5 eg]/ ls6fgL ug{sf nflu Jojl:yt ;e]{If0f g} ul/g'k5{ . o;/L x]bf{ lgZro
g} o; sfo{j|mdsf] rl/q, :j?k / o;n] p7fpg] ljifo clwstd >f]tfnfO{ ‰jf§
tflgxfNg] lsl;dsf] 5}g tfklg o; sfo{j|mdn] dlxnfsf] xs–lxt;u hf]l8Psf
;fdu|Lx? xKt}lkR5] ahfpbf >f]tfx?nfO{ tL s'/fx? ;'Gg] afgL kfb}{
uPsf]h:tf] b]lvG5 . sf]xL sf]xL >f]tfn] t æ‘c? t /fd|} 5, t/ tkfO{+x?
hlxn] klg dlxnfsf] s'/f ug'{x'G5, Tof]rflx cln lbSs nfU5Æ eGg] lsl;dsf]
cgf}7f] l6Kk0fL klg ug]{ u5{g\ . o;n] s'g txsf JolQmx?n] ;d]t zlQm ;'Gbf
/x]5g\ eGg] ;fgf] tYonfO{ hfx]/ u5{ .
h] xf];\, oxfg]]/ >f]tfnfO{
dlxnf ljifosf s'/f ;'gfpg afgL kfb}{ uPsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ k|d'v pknlAwsf ?kdf
pNn]v ul/g'sf kl5 klg s]xL sf/0fx? 5g\ . JolQmn] s'g} klg s'/f ;'Gb} g;'Gg'
jf yfxf gkfpg'eGbf p;n] ;fdfGo?kdf klg pQm s'/f ;'Gg'df 7"nf] leGgtf
/xG5 . p;n] ToxL Pp6} ;d"x;u hf]l8Psf ;jfnx?, To;sf ;d:of /
cj:yfsf kIfx? af/Daf/ ;'lg/x\of] eg] pm j|mdzM ljifok|lt kl/lrt aGb} hfG5
/ cGttM To; ljifodf p;sf] lglZrt ljrf/ aGg;S5 . To;}n] clxn] sfo{j|md
zlQmn] dlxnf ljifos ;jfnx?sf] kIfdf hgdt l;h{gf u/fpg ‘tL ljifox?nfO{
/]l8of]dfkm{t\ k|;f/0f ug]{ / ‘ha/h:tL eP klg ;'gfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5
eGg' cTo'lQm gxf]nf .
em08} !@ jif{eGbf a9L ;do klqsf
k|sfzgsf] cg'ej a6'ln;s]kl5 /]l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbgdf nfUbf s]xL km/s
cg'ejx? klg ePsf 5g\ h;nfO{ oxf pNn]v ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . ljifout
lx;fan] cl:dtf klqsf / zlQm /]l8of] klqsf b'j}n] dlxnf;u hf]l8Psf s'g}
klg ljifo / s'g} klg ljifonfO{ dlxnf;+u hf]8]/ p7fpg] u/]sf] x'bf ljifo
/ To;sf ljljw kIfx? tyf ;|f]tJolQmsf] klxrfgdf vf; c;lhnfx? s]xL /x]gg\ .
;'?;'?df /]l8of] k|ljlwsf] af/]df 1fgsf] cefj / gf}nf] If]q x'bf $%
ldg]6sf] sfo{qmd pTkfbg ug{ :6'l8of]df dfq b'O{ lbg;Dd ;do nfu]sf] lyof],
t/ xfn sfo{qmd ;~rfnsx?sf] tof/L / cg';Gwfgafx]s cfwf 306fsf] sfo{qmd Ps
306fleq :6'l8of]df pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ePsf] 5 .
cl:dtf klqsfdf klqsfsf] eflifs
z'4tf, ;fh;Hhf, n]cfp6h:tf s'/fx?df cToGt
w]/} ;do vlr{g'kg]{ t'ngfdf /]l8of] klqsfdf sfo{qmd ;~rfnsx?sf] z'4
tyf ;/n efiff / k|:t'lt eP k'Ug] x'bf ;dosf] art / dfgl;s tgfj lgs} sd
k/]sf] dx;''; x'G5 . To;} u/L /]l8of] ;'Gg] dfWod ePsf] x'bf eflifs ?kdf
dfq} z'2 agfpg]tkm{ Psf]xf]l/Og'eGbf af]nLrfnLsf] efiffnfO{ g} k|fyldstf
lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . o; r'gf}tLn] sfo{qmd ;~rfnsx?af6 a9LeGbf a9L :jfefljs
af]nLrfnL / k|:t'ltsf] dfu ubf]{ /x]5 h'g s'/f 5fkfdf /xbf k6Ss}
rf;f]sf] ljifo x'b}gYof] . 5fkf dfWodsf] k|s[ltn] ubf{ Toxf 5flkPsf
s'/fx?k|lt w]/} nfdf] ;do;Dd kf7sx?k|lt ;k|df0f pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{ cj:yf
/xG5 . l;4fGttM /]l8of]af6 k|;fl/t ;fdu|Lk|lt klg oxL s'/f nfu" x'G5,
t/ Jojxf/df /]l8of]df k|;fl/t ;fdu|L >f]tfsf] lghL /]s8{df sd} /xg] /
bf]xf]¥ofP/ ;'Gg] ;Defjgf sd x'g] x'bf ;fgfltgf uNtLdf lgdf{tf jf ;~rfnsnfO{
Toltlj£g lrGtf kb}{g /x]5 h:tf] nfUof] . o;/L ;du|df eGg'kbf{, /]l8of]
dfWod Ps}k6s nfvf}+ nfv >f]tfsf aLrdf k'Ug] dfWod eP klg tof/L / >dsf
lx;fan] 5fkf dfWodeGbf sd ufx|f] dfWod ePsf] zlQmsf] lgdf{tf ;d"xnfO{
dx;''; eO/x]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf sdhf]/L / ;Ldfx?
oL s]xL kIfx? pknlAwsf ?kdf
b]lvP klg ;f]r] cg'?k sfo{j|mdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg cj/f]w l;h{gf ug]{ s]xL ;Ldf
/ cK7]/fx?nfO{ klg oltv]/ la;{g ;ls+b}g . cK7]/fx?sf] s'/f ubf{ cfjZos
cfly{s ;|f]tsf] cefj sfo{qmdsf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cj/f]w aGg k'u]sf]
5 . zlQm sfo{j|mdsf] ;'?cftdf cfjZos kg]{ s]xL pks/0f / tLg dlxgfsf] cfwf/e"t
vr{sf] vfrf] 6fg{ Pp6f bft[ ;+:yfn] ;xof]u h'6fOlbPsf] lyof] / aLrsf
s]xL c°x? pTkfbg ug{ lghL If]qsf] nIdL p8qmf6 pBf]un] k|fof]hg ul/lbPsf]
lyof]. To;afx]s cl:dtf ;+:yfn] cfkm\g} ;Lldt ;fwg–;|f]tdf /x]/ sfo{j|md
rnfO/x]sf] 5 .
zlQm ;"rgfd"ns / 5nkmn
cfwfl/t sfo{j|md dfq ge} Pp6f l;uf+] /]l8of] klqsf g} xf] / o; cy{df
/]l8of] sfo{j|mdsf nflu pko'Qm / cfjZos x'g] Wjlg k|efjx? lbg] y'k|} ;Defjgf
/ cj:yfx? o; sfo{qmddf lyP . To;}u/L lglZrt ;dosf] cGt/fndf klqsfsf]
9frfdf km]/abn u/L ;|f]tfnfO{ gjLgtfsf] cg'e"lt klg lbg'kg]{
x'GYof] . t/ oL b'j} s'/fx? cToGt l;dLt ;fwg >f]tleq /x]/ sfo{j|md
rnfpg'kbf{ k6Ss} lbg ;lsPsf] lyPg h;n] >f]tfnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] Ps} lsl;dsf]
9frfaf6 lbSs nfUg yfln;s]sf] xf] ls h:tf] nfUYof] . o;/L lj1fkg jf
k|fof]hs b'j} vf]Hg g;s]sf sf/0f hlGdPsf] cfly{s sl7gfOn] ubf{ g} lkmN8
cfwfl/t ;fdu|Lx? cToGt sd dfq sfo{j|mddf ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . vf;u/L Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of]x?df sfo{j|mdnfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg sf/s b]lvPsf] >f]tf ;xeflutf
kIfnfO{ klg o; sfo{j|mddf nfdf] ;do;Dd ;d]6\g ;lsPsf] lyPg . ev{/}dfq zlQm
sfo{qmdsf] 9frfdf s]xL kl/jt{g ul/Psf] / >f]tfnfO{ ;xefuL agfpg s]xL
:tDe ylkPsf] 5 t/ of] klg cem} rfx]h:tf] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . o;/L cfkm\gf oL
sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ a'‰bfa'‰b} klg sfo{j|md lgdf{tf ;d"xn] ltgnfO{
x6fpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g lsgls sdhf]/Lsf sf/0fsf] klxrfg eP klg To;sf] lg/fs/0f
ug{ ufx|f] kl//x]sf] 5 . clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejsf]
cfwf/df s] eGg'kg]{ x'G5 eg] ;w} plQs} ?kdf nugzLn / k|lta4 eP/
sfd ul//xg ;fwg;|f]tsf] sl7gfO / ;Lldttfn] 7"nf] afwf pTkGg ubf]{
/x]5 .
o;} k|;u+df, p;f] eP sfo{j|mdnfO{
c? k|efjzfnL agfpgsf nflu ;fwg;|f]t h'6fpg lsg k|oTg ul/Pg jf ;lsPg t <
eGg] k|Zg klg clt dxTjk"0f{ x'g;S5 . s'g} klg ;]jfd'vL ;fdflhs sfdsf
nflu cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpg ;Sg' g;Sg'df b'O{j6f d'Vo kf6fx? /x]sf x'G5g\ . ;fwg;|f]tsf]
vf]hL ug]{ sfo{qmd cfof]hs kIfsf] ljZj;gLotf, rt'/tf / ;Dks{ tyf ;fwg;|f]t
pknAw u/fOlbg] bftf kIfsf] lgot, sfo{If]q / p2]Zo oL b'O{ kf6fx? x'g\ .
of] ;To zlQm jf hf];'s}sf nflu klg plQs} ?kdf nfu" x'G5 .
zlQm h:tf] sfo{qmdsf nflu
lj1fkgbftf / sfo{j|md k|fof]hg ug]{ lghL ;+:yf jf bft[ ;+:yf cfly{s ;|f]t
h'6fpg] d'Vo cfwf/x? x'g\ . ‘xfd|f] sfo{j|md ætkfO{+sf] j:t' jf ;]jfsf]
lj1fkgsf nflu pko'Qm d~r xf]Æ eGg] s'/fsf] ljZjf; sfo{j|md
lgdf{tfx?n] lbg g;s]sf] sf/0fn] x'g;S5, g]kfnL ahf/df b]lvPsf vf;u/L
cf}Bf]lus If]qsf lj1fkgbftfx?nfO{ o; sfo{j|mddf tfGg ;lsPsf] 5}g .
csf{lt/, ‘æxfd|f] sfo{j|mdn]
tkfO{+sf] ahf/ a9fpg] s'/fsf] Uof/]G6L t ug{ ;Sb}gf} t/ tkfO{+ ;fdflhs
;]jfk|ltsf] k|lta4tfcg';f/ n}lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf] nIo af]s]sf]
o; sfo{j|mdnfO{ k|fof]hg ul/lbg'xf];\Æ eg]/ s]xL lghL / bft[ ;+:yf ;dIf
k|:tfj /flvPsf] eP klg Tolt ;sf/fTds k|ltlj|mofx? kfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;sf
nflu lgdf{tfx?sf] k|:tfj cfsif{s gePsf] jf tt\tt\ lghL / bft[ ;+:yfsf]
sfo{If]qleq oL s'/f gk/]sf klg x'g;S5g\ . To;}n] sfo{j|mdnfO{ a9L r':t,
pkof]uL / k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos ;fwg;|f]t h'6fpg rflnPsf s]xL k|of;x? klg
pT;fxjw{s eO/x]sf 5}gg\ .
oxfg]/ p7fpg}kg]{ csf]{ k|Zg
s] klg xf] eg] sfo{j|md slt kl/0ffdd'vL 5 / o;nfO{ ;3fpg] jf o;sf]
cfjZostf jf dxTjnfO{ 7fp lbg] < of] k|Zg sfo{j|mdnfO{ k|fof]hg ul/lbg
cfu|x ul/Psf JolQm, ;+:yf jf hf] s;}n] klg p7fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . s'g} klg
sfo{j|mdsf] ;kmntf jf ljkmntf To;n] lbg] kl/0ffddf gfKg'kg]{ x'G5, To;df
s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g . t/ clnslt cK7\of/f] kIf s] 5 eg] ;"rgf lbg] / r]tgf
k}mnfpg] sfddf nfu]sf s'g} klg ;~rf/ ;fdu|L jf sfo{j|mdn] s]–s:tf] kl/0ffd
lbg ;s] t eg]/ dfkg ug'{ Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . Ps dfgf wfgsf] aLp /f]k]/ olt
kfyL jf olt d'/L wfg leTofpg kfOof] eg] h;/L ;~rf/ ;DalGwt sfo{j|mdx?n]
sltnfO{ ;r]t agfP jf ;"lrt u/] eg]/ ls6fgL ug{ ;ls+b}g .
To;}n] zlQm sfo{j|md ;'g]/ klg
slt >f]tfx? dlxnf;u ;f]emf] ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;jfnx?k|lt kl/lrt eP, oL ;jfnx?
sltsf] ;fdflhs /fli6«o ;jfnsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'g ;s], dlxnfsf ;d:ofk|lt
sltsf] hgdt tof/ x'g;Sof] / dlxnf JolQmTjx?sf] sfo{j|mddf k|;fl/t egfOx?n]
dlxnfsf] of]ubfg tyf pknlAwnfO{ sltsf] ;fdflhs dfGotf ldNof] cflb ofjt\
k|Zgx?sf] gfKg hf]Vg ldNg] hjfkm sfo{j|md lgdf{tfx?;u klg 5}g . t/
cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s b'j}?kdf k|fKt k|ltlj|mof / l6Kk0fLx?nfO{ ;'Gbf
nfU5, klxn] o:tf ljifox?df k6Ss} rf;f] / ?lr gb]vfpg] JolQmx?n] clxn] o;df
cfkm\gf] /fo jf ljrf/ lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . sltkon] xfdLnfO{ ;f]em} ;Dks{ gu/L
sfo{j|mddf cfdlGqt JolQmTjx? :jod\nfO{ kmf]g u/]/ / e]6]/ klg cfkm\gf]
k|ltlj|mof lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] tL lj1 / ;kmn dlxnfx?df klg cfkm\gf]
sfdsf] dfGotf kfPsf]n] hfu/ / pT;fx ylkPsf] 5 .
cGtdf
;f/f+zdf eGg'kbf{ sfo{j|md
zlQmsf] k|;f/0fn] Pkm\ Pd\ /]l8of]x?sf] t/uL+o nx/leq Pp6f hNbf]aNbf] ;d;fdlos
;d:ofk|lt lgoldt ?kdf cfjfhx? p7fPsf] 5 . o;n] 5fkf cl:dtf klqsfsf kf7sx?
eGbf Psbd} leGg >f]tfx?dfem g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf n}lu+s ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf
;jfnx?af/] hfgsf/L lbg / o;sf ljljw kxn'x? cufl8 Nofpg k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
vf;u/L @)$& ;fnkl5 5fkf
klqsf pBf]usf] lbgfg'lbg a9\bf] cfsif{0f / ljleGg 6]lnlehg Rofg]nx?sf]
babaf jf k|e'Tj eO/x]s} a]nf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf nflu Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]x?sf]
k|;f/0fn] ‘;'Gg] dfWodsf] dxTjnfO{ lgs} a9fPsf] lyof] . w]/} JolQmx?sf]
Wofg / ?lrnfO{ cfkm"lt/ tflg/x]sf] o; dfWoddf cl:dtfn] cfkm"n]
p7fO/x]sf] ;jfn / ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ zlQm sfo{j|md rnfpg ;'? u/]sf] lyof]
h;sf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ clxn] cfkm}n] d"Nof°g ug'{kbf{ 5f]6f]df eGg'kg]{
x'G5, x'g'kg]{ hlt geP klg w]/} ?kdf o; /]l8of] klqsfn] ;DalGwt ;d:of / ;jfnnfO{
phfu/ ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 .
a]nfa]nfdf o; sfo{qmddf k|;fl/t
;fdu|L ;'g]/ sltko ;~rf/sdL{x? :jod\n] klg tL ljifox?df n]Vg] / k|;f/0f ;fdu|L
agfpg] u/]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL sf7df8f}+ / aflx/sf klg Pkm\ Pd\ :6]zgx?n]
dlxnf;DaGwL gof sfo{qmd rnfpgsf nflu cl:dtf;u ;/;Nnfx / ;'emfj lng
cfpg u/]sf 5g\ . ulxl/P/ ljrf/ ubf{ oL s'/fx? klg cl:dtf /]l8of] klqsf
zlQmn] kf/]sf ck|ToIf k|efjx? x'g\ / o:tf k|lj|mofx?n] lgZro g} cl:dtf ;d"xn]
/]l8of] klqsf ;'? ubf{ af]s]sf p2]Zox? k"/f ug{df ;3fp g} k'¥ofp5g\
.
k|;f/0f Ifdtfsf sf/0fn] c? Pkm\
Pd\x? ;/x /]l8of] ;u/dfyf klg vf; u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosf j/k/ / cGo s]xL
lglZrt :yfgx?df dfq ;'lgG5 . o;n] ubf{ :jfefljs?kdf zlQmsf] klg ;|f]tf;Ddsf]
kx'r ;Lldt 5 . t/ clxn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/ klg y'k|} Pkm\ Pd\
:6]zgx? v'ln/x]sf] cj:yfdf zlQm jf of]h:t} sfo{qmd tL :6]zgx?af6 klg k|;f/0f
ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf / ;Defjgf b'j} 5 . o; kIfnfO{ cl:dtf ;d"xn] nfdf] ;dob]lv
dx;'''; ub}{ cfPsf] xf] t/ klg cfjZos ;fwg ;|f]tljgf tL :6]zgx?sf nflu gof sfo{qmd
agfpg ;Dej gePsf]n] cl:dtf ;+:yfn] To;df 7f]; kxn ug{ ;s]g . o:t} cj:yfdf
klg zlQmdf k|;f/0f eO;s]sf ;d;fdlos / To; 7fpsf nflu pko'Qm x'g;Sg]
s]xL ;fdu|Lx? dfq tL :6]zgx?af6 k|;f/0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] klg To;sf] k|efj
lglZrt?kdf Jofks x'g]5 / o;sf nflu cl:dtf ;d"x cfkm"n] ;s]sf] ;xof]u
ug{ tof/ 5 .
o;/L aL; dlxgfsf] 5f]6f] ;dodf
klg h]–h:tf ;fdu|Lx? k|;f/0f ug{ ;lsof], h]–h:tf k|ltlqmof / cg'ejx?
k|fKt eP, To;sf] cfwf/df s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lus ;dfgtfsf
nfluzlQm h:tf /]l8of] sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ToIF k/f]If cToGt 7"nf]
e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/]/ ;xL 9u+n] hgdt tof/
ug{ clxn] g]kfndf Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]x?nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ cToGt cg's'n jftfj/0f
alg/x]sf] 5 . Pkm\ Pd\x?n] cfh{g u/]sf] nf]slk|otfnfO{ s;/L c;n k|of]hgsf
nflu pkof]u ug]{ eGg] Pp6f k|of]u klg lyof] cl:dtf /]l8of] klqsf zlQm / kl/0ffdx?n]
Tof] k|of]u c;kmn ePsf] 5}g eg]/ k'li6 ul/lbPsf] 5 . To;}n] cl:dtf /]l8of]
klqsf zlQmnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsof] / o;sf d'Vo ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ sf7df8f}+ aflx/sf
Pkm\ Pd\x?af6 klg k|;f/0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] Tof] g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf nflu
lgZro g} ;xof]uL ;flat x'g]5 .
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