cl:dtf dlxnf k|sfzg u[x, ;~rf/ tyf ;|f]t ;+:yfn]
dlxnf a]rlavg /f]syfdsf] /fli6«o cleofgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu ;~rf/ ;lqmotfsf]
yfngL j}zfv !*, @)^) -d] !, @))#_b]lv u/]sf] xf] . of] ;lqmotf ;'? ePotf
clxn];Dd ljleGg r/0fdf lgDg sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ .
b]zleq sfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o u};;x¿;"u ;Dks{
;~rf/ ;lqmotfsf] k|f/Dedf cl:dtf ;+:yfn] dlxnf
a]rlavgsf] /f]syfdsf lglDt k|ToIf sfd ul//x]sf jf cfly{s ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf
g]kfndf sfo{/t ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿nfO{ cWoogsf] p2]Zosf] ljifodf
kqdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L lbPsf] lyof] . ;fy} pQm kqdf ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] dlxnf cf];f/k;f/
tyf a]rlavglj¿4 u/]sf cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ultljlwx¿sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf]
lyof] . cg';Gwfgsf nflu kqfrf/ ul/Psf o'Pg Ph]G;Lx¿, cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf tyf s'6gLlts lgof]ux¿ lgDg lyP – o'g]:sf] g]kfn, cfOPncf] g]kfn,
o'lg;]km -blIf0f Pl;of_, o'lg;]km sG6«L clkm;, o'lgkm]d g]kfn, o'PgPkmkLP,
;]8kf g]kfn, cd]l/sL /fhb"tfjf;, Pl;ofnL ljsf; Aof° -P8LjL_, P;PgeL,
o'P;PcfO{8L, lht kl/of]hgf, ;]e b lrN8«]g gj]{, ;]e b lrN8«]g o'P;, ;]e b
lrN8«]g o's], 8]lg; /fhb"tfjf;, cd]l/sL ;"rgf s]Gb|, o'Pg8LkL, Knfg OG6/Gofzgn,
cS;kmfd, a]nfotL /fhb"tfjf;, Pl;of kmfpG8];g, gj]{nL /fhb"tfjf;,
l8PkmcfO{8L, PSzgP8 g]kfn / Knfg]6 Ogkm]G6 . oLdWo] w]/} ;+:yfx¿n] ;dod} ;"rgf
lbP/ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf lyP eg] s]xL yf]/} ;+:yfx¿af6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ w]/}
tflstf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] .
:jb]zL u};;x¿;"u ;Dks{ / e]63f6
o;/L g} dlxnf a]rlavgsf] /f]syfdsf nflu k|ToIf
ck|ToIf¿kdf sfd ul//x]sf g]kfnL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ klg cl:dtf ;+:yfn]
dlxnf a]rlavglj?4 ;~rfng ePsf] ;~rf/ ;lqmotfsf] sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L
lbPsf] lyof] . o; qmddf kl/of]hgfdf sfo{/t cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] ljleGg ;+:yfx¿df
uP/ cg';Gwfgsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg] / ;DalGwt ;+:yfx¿n] dlxnf a]rlavg /f]syfdsf
nflu ul//x]sf sfdx¿sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L lng] sfd ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} tL ;+:yfx¿sf
jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f, ePsf cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgx¿ / cGo k|sfzg klg ;°ng ul/Psf
lyP . o; l;nl;nfdf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ sf7df8f}+sf lgDg ;+:yfx¿df k'u]sf lyP –
dfOtL g]kfn, PaL;L g]kfn, dlxnf k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|, dlxnf, sfg'g / ljsf; d~r,
;fyL, kl/jt{gsf nflu sfo{/t dlxnf ;d"x -jfr_, sfg'g cGj]if0f tyf ;|f]t ljsf;
s]Gb| -;]n8{_, ;fd'bflos sfo{ s]Gb|, cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_, lxd/fO6\;,
l;leS6, g]kfn afn dhb'/ ;/f]sf/ s]Gb| -l;ljg_, gjHof]lt dlxnf sNof0fsf/L ;dfh,
u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 g]kfn, hfu/0f g]kfn, dlxnf lxt ;dfh, cf/cf/Pg, zlQm ;d"x,
PgPgPhL6L, P6ljg cflb .
;/sf/L lgsfosf ultljlwx¿sf] cjnf]sg
dlxnf a]rlavglj?4 sfo{/t ;/sf/L lgsfo r]nLa]6L
a]rlavglj?4 sfo{/t s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{bnx¿sf] ultljlw, ;lqmotf /
k|efjnfO{ klg x]g]{ k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} lhNnf k|x/L dlxnf ;]nx¿n] o;
ck/fwsf] /f]syfddf s;/L ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]/ a'‰g] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .
5fkf dfWoddf cfPsf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ko{j]If0f
cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] ;g\ !((* kl5 5fkf ;~rf/dfWoddf
k|sflzt ePsf / k|fKt ;a} ;dfrf/ tyf n]vx¿sf] ;°ng u/L cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ .
5fkfdf cfPsf ;dfrf/–n]vx¿sf] cWoog ug]{ of] qmd o; cg';Gwfg cjlwe/ lg/Gt/
rln/xg]5 . 5fkf ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnf a]rlavg ck/fwsf] ljifodf s:tf vfnsf ;"rgf
tyf ;dfrf/x¿ k|jfx ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]/ s]nfpg] p2]Zon] ;~rf/ lgu/fgLdf hf]8
lbOPsf] xf] . ;fy} tL ;dfrf/x¿ s:tf] ;|f]taf6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ x]g'{ klg
o;sf] csf]{ p2]Zo xf] . ;~rf/ ;lqmotfsf lglDt cWoog ug{ s]xL ljifout If]qx¿
5'6\ofOPsf lyP -x]g'{xf];\ k[i7 ====_ . tL ljifox¿df s:tf vfnsf ;dfrf/ / ;"rgfx¿
cfO/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ x]g'{ cToGt cfjZos 5 lsgls o;af6 5fkf ;~rf/dfWodn] ;DalGwt
If]qdf v'nf;f ug]{ s]xL gof" s'/fx¿ ;dfrf/sf dfWodaf6 k|jfx ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5
jf 5}g eg]/ a'‰g] cj;/ k|fKt x'g]5 .
cWoog–cg';Gwfgx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg
o;sf ;fy} ljleGg ;+:yfx¿n] ;g\ !((* kl5 u/]sf /
k|fKt eP;Ddsf ;a} cWoogx¿nfO{ cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] ;°ng u/L uDeL/tfsf ;fy cWoog
u/]sf lyP h'g oL cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf nflu e/kbf{ ;"rgf ;fdu|Lx¿ x'g;S5g\ .
o; cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf ;g\ !((* kl5sf cWoogx¿nfO{
ljz]if¿kdf cWoog ug'{sf] Pp6f p2]Zo ;g\ !((* cufl8sf cWoogx¿nfO{
cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] ljz]if¿kdf cWoog ul/;s]sf lyP . To;sf] cfwf/df g} bf];|f]
r/0fdf ;~rf/dfWodn] cWoog ug'{kg]{ s]xL If]qx¿ v'6\ofOPsf lyP . o;}u/L ;g\
!((* kl5sf cWoogx¿n] dlxnf a]rlavgsf] ;d:ofsf] ljifonfO{ s;/L x]/]sf 5g\ /
To; ljifodf gof" s'/fx¿ s]–s] cf+}NofPsf 5g\ eg]/ a'‰g' cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf
lglDt cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . o;n] cg';Gwfgstf{x¿nfO{ jt{dfg If0fdf ;d:ofsf] :j¿k
s:tf] /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f hfGg ;xof]]u k'Ug ;S5 .
:ynut cWoog
cg';Gwfgsf qmddf k|fKt ePsf cg';Gwfg ;fdu|L, ;+:yfx¿sf
ultljlw, l/kf]6{ cflb cWoog ul/;s]kl5 / ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 hfgsf/L lnPkl5
cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ dlxnf a]rlavglj¿4 sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿n] sfd ul//x]sf sfo{If]qx¿sf]
:ynut cWoogdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf clxn];Dd Onfd, emfkf, ;'g;/L, df]/ª,
dsjfgk'/, k;f{, lrtjg / gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf :ynut cWoog ug]{ sfd ;DkGg eO;s]sf]
5 . plNnlvt lhNnfx¿df cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] dfOtL g]kfn, PaL;L g]kfn, dlxnf
k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|, lxd/fO6\;, dlxnf ljsf; zfvf, ;]n8{, k|x/L dlxnf ;]n, hg/n
j]nkm]o/ k|lti7fg, gf/L ;Lk ;[hgf s]Gb|, g]kfn afn sNof0f ;+:yf, gf/L
;+/If0f s]Gb|, dlxnf ;d"x -x]6f+}8f_, cfDbf -x]6f}+8f_, cl:dtf -x]6f+}8f_,
u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 g]kfn, lqg]q ;fd'bflos k|lti7fg, Knfg g]kfn -jL/u~h_ cflb
;+:yfsf sfo{qmdx¿ x]g]{, a'‰g] / ;"rgf ;°ng ug]{ sfd ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
aGbL–s}bL;DaGwL tYo–tYof° ;°ng
g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ sf/fuf/df hLp df:g]–a]Rg] cleof]udf
/x]sf / ;hfo kfPsf aGbL–s}bLx¿sf] ;"rL ;°ng ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] tL aGbL–s}bLx¿sf]
ljifodf uxg cWoog eO/x]sf] 5 . o; cWoog kl/of]hgfn] vf]hL ug]{ k|of; u/]sf]
Pp6f k|d'v If]q ck/fwLx¿sf] ;~hfn klg xf] . o;sf lglDt cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] sf/fuf/sf
aGbL–s}bLx¿nfO{ Pp6f ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} o; If]qdf hfgsf/L
lbg] cGo ;|f]tx¿sf ljifodf klg cg';Gwfgstf{x¿af6 Jofks vf]hL eO/x]sf] 5 .
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ cfk"lt{ ;+:yfx¿sf] cWoog
o; cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf g]kfndf j}b]lzs /f]huf/df
k7fpg] sfddf sfo{/t /f]huf/ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;"rL ;°ng u/L tL ;+:yfx¿dfkm{t\
g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ s]–s:tf sfdsf nflu s'g–s'g d'n'sdf uO/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ ;"rgf ;°ng
ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf dlxnfx¿sf] cj:yfsf]
ljifodf ljleGg ;|f]tx¿sf] dfWodaf6 uDeL/ cWoog eO/x]sf] 5 .
