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"g]kfndf
dlxnf ;lj|motfjfbLx?n] nfdf] ;dob]lv p7fpb} cfPsf w]/} gf/LjfbL ;jfnx? 5g\
h;dWo] s]xL d'Vo ;jfnx?nfO{ o;/L ;"lrs[t ug{ ;lsG5"
kl/jf/b]lv
/fHo;Qf;Dd ;dfhsf ;a} txdf lkt[;Qf-;DaGwsf] Tof] ?k h;df xd]zf k'?ifn] gf/Ldfly
x}sd rnfp“5_–sf] ;dflKt, k}t[s ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg clwsf/, /fhgLlts
lgsfo jf ;+j}wflgs cu+x?df dlxnfsf] ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTj, ;a} If]qdf dlxnfsf
nflu cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf, ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf, gf/L z/L/nfO{ aRrf hGdfpg]
oGq– ;DklQsf] lx:;f jf j:t' 7fGg] k/Dk/fsf] cGTo, anfTsf/sf] lj/f]w,
ue{kftsf] clwsf/, aRrf hGdfpg] cyjf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwg ckgfpg
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, r]lna]6L a]rljvg / j]Zofj[lQsf] cGTo, b]jsL– em'df–;f6f]
ljjfx – bfOhf] h:tf s'k|yfx?sf] ;dflKt, gful/stfsf] clwsf/, cfly{s :jfjnDag
/ kfl/jfl/s cbfntsf] :yfkgf cflb . dlxnfx?n] cf˚gf oL nIox?nfO{ k|fKt
ug{ ;Qf / ;dfhsf cg]s ?kx?;“u lg/Gt/ h'´\g' kl//x]sf] 5 / cem sltsf
aif{;Dd o;/L g} h'lem/xg' kg]{5, ;dosf] lgSof}{n jf cg'dfg ug]{ cj:yf
k6Ss} 5}g\ .
oL
ljifox? afx]s ab\lnbf]+ ;do / kl/l:ylt cg';f/ dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf gof“ gof“
ljifo / ;d:ofx? ylkb}+ klg uO/x]sf 5g\ . o;df sltko o:tf laifox?n] klg
k|j]z kfO;s]sf 5g\ h;sf] ljifodf s'/f ug{ ;d]t g]kfnL ;dfhsf] 7'nf] lx:;f
tof/ eO;s]sf] 5}g\ . t/ klg ˚f§˚'§ ?kdf dlxnfjfbLx? df}sf k/]sf]
7fp“df To:tf ljifox?nfO{ klg 7fp“ lbg] u5{g . o:t} Pp6f ljifo xf]
a}jflxs anfTsf/ xfd|F] ;dfhdf ;'Gbf of] zJb cgf}7f] klg nfU5 . o; vf;
zAbfjnL;“u kl/lrt gx'g] ;fdfGo dlxnf tyf k'?ifx? of] s] eg]sf] eg]/
cK7\of/f] dfG5g\ . t/ ca j}jflxs anfTsf/sf] ;jfnn] lj:tf/}–lj:tf/}
cf˚'nfO{ :yflkt ub}{ uO/x]sf] 5 . sfg'gdf j}jflxs anfTsf/sf s'/fx?sf]
pNn]v ePsf] 5}g . t/ lj:tf/} of] zAbfjnL klg g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]
lx:;f aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 / qmdzM g]kfnL ;dfh klg of] zAbfjnL;“u kl/lrt
x'“b} hfg]5 . o;/L gof“ ljifox?sf lglDt 7fp“ agfp“b} g]kfnL dlxnf
cfGbf]ng cf˚gf cglulGt k'/fgf dfux?nfO{ ultlbg] k|of;df Psgf;n]
nflukl//x]sf] 5 .
o;}
;Gbe{df /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] z'?b]lv
dxTjsf ;fy p7fp“b} cfPsf] ljifo xf] h;sf ;DaGwdf d cfh s]xL rrf{ ug]{
k|of; ub}{5' . x'gt g]kfnsf
dlxnfx?n] cf˚\gf] clwsf/sf ljifonfO{ juL{s[t u/]/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf :jtGqtfk"j{s
cfjfh p7fpg] v'nf cj;/ @)$^ ;fnkl5sf] k|hftflGqs kl/j]zdf kfpg yfn]sf x'g\
. g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] wf/f !! df ;dfgtf / ;dfg
;+/If0fsf] l;4fGtnfO{ c+uLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] axfnLsf] nflu
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !! n] ljz]if sfg"gsf] Joj:yf ;d]t ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg
cGtu{t g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& df k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf
k|To]s /fhgLlts bnn] slDtdf % k|ltzt dlxnf p7fpg' kg]{ / /fli6«o ;efdf ^)
hgf dWo] slDtdf # hgf dlxnf clgjfo{ ?kdf /xg' kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
/fhgLltdf
dlxnfsf] ;+nUgtf tNnf] txb]lv g} ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu :yflgo :jfoQ zf;g P]g
@)%% n] k|To]s j8f, ufp“, gu/kflnsf tyf lhNnf txdf dlxnfsf]
k|ltlglwTjnfO{ cf/lIft u/]sf] 5 . o;/L /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ clgjfo{
t'Nofpgsf] nflu ePsf b'O{ sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] kl/0ffd:j?k g} cfh g]kfnsf]
;+;b, lhNnf, ufp“ tyf j8fdf dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx? yf]/} ?kdf eP klg cfpg
kfPsf 5g\ . j8f ;b:osf] ?kdf dlxnf hgk|ltlglwsf] ;+Vof xhf/f} b]lvP klg
Tof]eGbf dflyNNff txx?df / lg0ff{os kbx?df dlxnfsf] kx'“r cem} klg clt
Go'g 5 . o; cj:yfnfO{ d"Nof°g ubf{ dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] /fhgLlts lgsfodf
dlxnfsf] kx'“rnfO{ clxn];Dd klxnf] v'6lsnf] dfq r9fpg ;s]sf] 5 / dlxnfx?
jf:tljs g]t[Tjdf cfpg kf/ ug'{kg]{ v'6lsnfx?sf] ;+Vof lgs} g} nfdf] 5 .
:yfgLo
:jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% n] Ps}k6s sl/a rfln; xhf/ dlxnfx?nfO{, j8f:t/df g} ;xL,
/fhgLlts kbx?df NofPsf] eP klg pgLx?n] s] s:tf] e'ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5g\
/ pgLx?sf sl7gfOx? s] 5g\ eg]/ pgLx? cfj4 ePsf] elgPsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] klg
ulDe/tfk"j{s lnPsf] h:tf] b]lvb}g . t/ /fhgLlts bnx?sf] olx
pbfl;gtfsf lar s]xL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] pgLx?nfO{ lnP/ s]xL sfo{qmdx? ug]{
u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;df cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb|n] :yflgo dlxnf
hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ nIoLt u/]/ u/]sf sfdx? cu|klª\tdf kg{ cfp“5g\ eg] c? s]xL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? klg o; If]qdf sfo{/t
5g\ . ;fy} s]xL ;dootf dlxnf dGqfno cGtu{tsf] n}lu+s ;dtfsf] d"n
k|jfxLs/0f sfo{qmdn] klg o; ljifodf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
o;
;+:yfn] pQm kl/of]hgf cGt/ut lgjf{lrt tyf dgf]lgt dlxnf j8f hgk|ltlglwx?sf]
Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{j|md klg ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . xfn clw/fHosf kf“r
ljsf; If]qsf b'O{ b'O{ lhNnf u/L hDdf !) j6f lhNnfdf of] sfo{j|md ;+rflnt
5 . clxn] ;f] ;+:yf /fHosf] ;j}eGbf tNnf] /fhgLlts lgsfodf sfo{/t rfln;
xhf/ dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ tof/Ldf nfu]sf] 5 . o;/L g]kfnsf] s'g} gf/LjfbL
dlxnf ;+:yf, s'g} /fhg}lts bn jf tLgsf elugL dlxnf ;+u7gn] kxn ug'{kg]{
sfd ug{ clxn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{j|md / dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf
;dfhsNof0f dGqfnosf] ;+o'Qm kl/of]hgf n}lu+u d"nk|jflxs/0f sfo{j|md
clu ;l//x]sf] 5 .
;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd lglDt :qL zlQm gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] @)%% ;fndf
ljleGg !) j6f lhNnfsf lgjf{lrt tyf dgf]lgt dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?n] :yflgo:t/df
cf˚\gf] e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj jxg ubf{ s] s:tf ;d:of tyf afwfx?
cfpg] u5{g\ eg]/ laZn]if0f ug{ pQm lhNnfsf %)) dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?df Ps
cWoog ;d]t u/fPsf] lyof] . cWoogsf] pb]Zo dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ca:yf, ;d:of
/ pgLx?sf] cfjZoStfx?nfO{ v'6\ofpg' /x]sf] lyof] . pQm cWoogn] lgsfn]sf]
n}lu+s ljZn]if0f glthfdf b]lvPsf d'Vo s'/fx? o:tf lyP– !$ k|ltzt
hgk|ltlglw dlxnfn] dfq sn]h tyf dfWolds txsf] lzIff kfPsf lyP, *$ k|ltzt
dlxnfx? s[lif Joj;fodf ;+nUg lyP / lzIffsf] sdLsf sf/0f dlxnf hgk|ltlwx?n]
cf˚gf] e"ldsf /fd|F];+u lgjf{x ug{ g;s]sf] kfOof] . cfjZos
1fgsf] sdLn] cf˚\gf] st{Jo / clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ c;Ifd ePsf] t/ tflndx?
df˚{t cf˚«gf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;lsg] OR5f JoSt u/]sf lyP .
o;
cWoogn] b]vfPsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ kIf lyof], klxn] ;fdflhs ljsf;
sfo{j|mddf ;+nUg eP/ ljleGg tflnd sfo{j|mdx?df efu lng] df}sf kfPsf dlxnf
hgk|ltlglwx? To:tf] cj;/ gkfPsf dlxnf hgk|ltlglwsf t'ngfdf cfkm\gf
e"ldsf tyf pQ/bfloTjdf a9L ;r]t tyf ;lj«mo b]lvGy] . To;}u/L o;
cWoogsf] j|mddf ul/Psf] :ynut ;j]{If0f cg';f/ dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] cGo /fhgLlts
tyf ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx?;“u ;DaGw Go"g /x]sf] kfOof] . dlxnf
hgk|ltlglwx?sf] JolQmTj ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf bft[ ;+:yfx?;“u
;DaGw /xg'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; ul/of] . cWoogsf qmddf w]/} dlxnf
hgk|ltlglwx?n] cfkm'x?sf] dfq cnUu} dxf;+3 x'g'kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf
lyP .
of]
cWoogsf] d'Vo nIo g} lgjf{lrt tyf dgf]lgt dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ;d:ofx?nfO{
7DofO{ pgLx?sf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ;zlQms/0f ug'{ lyof] . To;}n]
pgLx?s} rfxgf cg';f/ / To; If]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n]
7DofPsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ;femf d~rsf] ?kdf dxf;+3
u7g ug]{ k|of; x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o; dxf;+3 df˚{t dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{
;fwg, ;|f]t ;DkGg tyf Ifdtfjfg\ t'Nofpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . o; dxf;+3sf] :j?k
/ o;n] eljiodf g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfsf dlxnf hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ s;/L
;d]6\b} n}hfG5 eGg] yfxf kfpg s]xL ;do klv{g'kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] xfn u7g e}
g;s]sf] dxf;+3sf] ljifodf s]xL elgxfNg' x'“b}g . t/ clxn] hgk|ltlglwsf]
?kdf dgf]lgt eP/ / r'lgP/ klg dlxnfx?n] k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng g;ls/x]sf]
cj:yfdf pgLx?sf] dxf;+3 u7g ug{ / dha't agfpg g]kfnsf ;a} ;r]t gf/LjfbLn]
;xof]u k'¥ofpg' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
n}lu+s
;dtfsf] d"n k|jfxLs/0f sfo{j|md / hgk|ltlglwx?sf] dxf;+3sf] k|;u+nfO{
oxf“ Pp6f pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf dfq rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] dlxnf
cfGbf]ngnfO{ nfUg] Pp6f 7'nf] cfIf]k s] xf] eg] of] cfGbf]ng bft[ ;+:yfx?sf]
k};fsf] andf rn]sf] cfGbf]ng alg/x]sf] 5 . x'gt g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]
p7fPsf ;jfnx? ;a}h;f] ;d;fdlos / a:t'ut 5g\ t/ ltgnfO{ p7fpg] / ult lbg]
dfldnfdf slxn] jf:tjd} dlxnfjfbLx? cl3 cfPsf 5g\ eg] slxn] bft[ ;+:yfn]
tLgnfO{ lta| kf/]sf 5g\ .
elgG5,
cfGbf]ng eg]sf] t cf˚\g} ;|f]t;fwgaf6 ug'{kg]{ sfd xf] . bft[;+:yfx?sf]
cfly{s ;xof]u / ;lj|motfdf rn]sf] cfGbf]ng / ag]sf] ;+hfn l6sfp x'“b}g,
g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf ;jfnx? bft[;+:yfn] k|fyldstfqmd tf]Sg] /
pgLx?sf] ?lr cg';f/ cl3 a9\g' x'“b}g eGg] dfGotf /fVg]x?sf] hdft klg lgs}
7'nf] 5g\ . t/ To;sf] ljsNkdf
s] x'g' k5{ eGg] :ki6 ;f]r / c8fg, To; ;d"xdf klg 5}g\ . lsgls
clxn]sf] cj:yf eg]sf] ;a}nfO{ sfd klg rflxPsf] 5 / b'O{ k};f klg sdfpg'
k/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] cufl8 dlxnf ;jfnx? tflt“ nfu]/ a;]sf 5g\ o:tf] cj:yfdf
dlxnfjfbLx?n] dlxnfsf s'g ;jfnnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf ?kdf nfg] / s'g ;jfnnfO{
ljsf;sf ultljlw;“u hf]8]/ n}hfg] eg]/ lgSof}{n ug]{ a]nf eO;s]sf] 5 .
lsgls dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf ;jfnx?df dlxnfjfbLx? s} aLrdf
w]/} e|dx?sf] z'?jft x'“b} uO;s]sf] 5 . o; ljifodf ;dodf g} :j:Yo
5nkmn ePg eg] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] ˚]/L nfdf] ;do;Dd 7'nf] 3f6f a]xf]g'{
kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf] d'Vo cfzo dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf s]xL ;jfnx? Jofj;flos aGg
gkfcf]; eGg] klg xf] .
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