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dlxnfnfO{ 3/leq aGbL agfpg] ulNt gxf];\
c~h' If]qL |
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æsflGtk'/ klAns];G;\ cf˚\gf] dfl;s k|sfzg ;jf]{QdnfO{ cab]lv
gf/L gfdaf6 k|sfzg ug]{ lgwf] ub}{ gf/L;"u ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'df
s]lGb|t /x]sf ;fdu|Lx?dfq ;dfj]z u/L of] c+s kf7sx?;fd' k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
===cfbz{, gf/f / k|of;df hlt;'s} ;dfgtfsf] s'/f u/] klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf gf/Lsf]
l:yltnfO{ a/fa/Ldf k'¥ofpg xfdLn] ug'{kg]{ sfd–s'/fx? w]/} 5g\ ===cj;/
gkfPsf] tLtf] ;To xfd|f;fd' 3fdh:t} 5n{u+ 5 ===oL cj/f]wx?nfO{ kG5fP/ k'?if;/x
x/]]s If]qdf gf/Lx? cl3 ga9];Dd b]zdf ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;sf] ;Dej 5}g===o;sf
nflu gf/Lx? hj;Dd :jo+ cu|;/ x'"b}gg\ ta;Dd b]zsf] k5f}6]kg h:tfsf] t:t}
/xg]5===g]kfnL gf/Lx?sf] oxL cj:yf / pgLx?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ofjt\ ;d:ofx?nfO{
b[li6ut u/L pgLx?nfO{ ;dfhsf] cu|wf/df :yflkt ug{ sflGtk'/ klAns];G; cf˚\gf]
gof" k|sfzg 'gf/L'
g]kfnL gf/Lx?;dIf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ cfzf Pj+ ljZjf; 5–gf/Ln]
;dli6ut ¿kdf g]kfnL gf/Lsf ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ ef}lts ;d:ofx?nfO{ s]nfP/
k|:t't ub}{ pgLx?df /x]sf] k|ltef tyf of]UotfnfO{ k|:˚'6g ug]{ e/kbf]{ dfWod
pknAw u/fpg]5 .Æ
dfly pw[t ul/Psf x/˚x? sflGtk'/ klAns]zG;n] xfn} ahf/df
NofPsf] gf/L klqsfsf] k|sfzsLodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfhsf] cu|wf/df Nofpg ul/Psf]
k|lta4tfdf n]lvPsf s'/fx?
x'g . gf/L klqsfn] cf˚\gf] k|sfzsLodf JoQm u/]sf] k|lta4tfsf] sf/0f cf˚" klg
Pp6L gf/L x'g'sf ;fy} dlxnfx? klg x/]s kIfaf6 ;dfhsf cu|wf/df cfpg' k5{ eGg]
dfGotf /fVb} pgLx?nfO{ o; s'/fsf nflu s;/L pTk|]l/t / ;zlQms/0f ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] k|of;df ;~rf/dfWod df˚{t ljut !@ aif{b]lv jsfnt ub}{ cfO/x]sf]n] pQm
klqsfn] /fv]sf nIo, pb]Zo, k|lta4tf / xfn klqsfdf cfPsf ljifoj:t'sf] ;DaGwdf
cf˚\gf s'/fx? oxf" /fVg] k|of; u/]sL 5' .
;~rf/dfWodn] dflg;sf] lbdfudf ulx/f] k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] x}l;ot
/fVb5 . ;fy} o;n] dflg;nfO{ s]xL ug{sf nflu pTk]|l/t klg ub{5 . ;~rf/dfWodsf]
olx dxTj / IfdtfnfO{ a'em]/ g} gf/LjfbLx?n] ;~rf/dfWoddf a9L rf;f] /fVb}
cfPsf 5g\ / ;~rf/dfWodn] pTkfbg ug]{ x/]s ;fdu|Lx?df ;dfnf]rgfTds cleJolQm
klg lbg] u5{g\ . ;fy} ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnfsf] lxt ljkl/t sfd ug]{ k|of; u/]df
To;nfO{ va/bf/L klg ug]{ u5{g\ . To;sf nflu pgLx?n] cf˚\gf] 7fp"af6 ;Sbf]
k|of; klg u/L/x]sf x'G5g\ .
ljZjJofkL ;~rf/ k|j[lQnfO{ lgofNbf cfh hlt klg 7'N7'nf ;~rf/dfWodx?
5g\\, tL rnfpg]x? clwsf+z Aofkf/L tyf k"+hL ePsfx? g} 5g\ . clxn]sf ;~rf/dfWodx?
w]/} dxu+f / k|lt:kwL{ eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf of] x'g' :jefljs klg xf] . ;~rf/dfWod
rnfpg efjgf dfq eP/ k'Ub}g, To;sf nflu 7'nf] cfly{s nufgLsf] vf"rf] kb{5 .
clg :jefjtM nufgL ug]{n] klxn] nufgL ePsf] /sd c;'nL x'g] af6f] ;f]R5,
To;kl5 dfq cGo cfbz{ s'/fx?sf] af/]df . To;}n] gf/L klqsfn] cf˚\gf]
k|sfzsLodf dlxnfx?sf] pTyfgsf nflu h] s'/fx? n]v]sf] 5, Tof] p;n] ;f]r]]sf
cfbz{sf s'/fx? x'g eg] klqsfleq h] h:tf ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ w]/} :yfg lbOPsf] 5,
Tof] p;n] u/]sf] nufgLsf] c;'nL x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt lasfp dlxnf ljifox? x'g .
;fdfGotof 7'nf7'nf skf]{/]6 xfp;x?af6 dlxnf kf7snfO{ nlIot
u/]/ h'g vfnsf klqsfx? lg:sG5g\, tLgn] ;j{k|yd dlxnfnfO{ 3/leq aGbL agfpg] ;a}eGbf
8/nfUbf] sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\\ / dlxnfx?nfO{ Pp6f 6«ofkdf af"w]/ /fvL Aofkf/
u5{g\ eGg] gf/LjfbLx?sf] ljZn]if0f /x]sf] 5 . lsgls o:tf klqsfx?df
dlxnfx?nfO{ g]t[TjbfoL x}l;otdf Nofpg]eGbf 3/leq cNemfP/ /fVg] vfnsf ;fdu|Lx?
g} w]/} kl:sPsf] x'G5 . dlxnf kf7sk|lt nlIot To:tf d"nwf/] klqsfx?df d]lgSof]/
ug]{, k]l8Sof]/ ug]{, d]ssk ug]{, 3/ ;hfpg], ld7f] vfgf ksfpg], >Ldfg tyf
k|]dLnfO{ v'lz /fVg] h:tf ljifox? lbOg' ;fdfGo k|rng eO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf
ljwfx?nfO{ dlxnf kf7sn] a9L dg k/fp5g\ eGg] cg'dfg ul/G5 . To;}n] o:tf
ljifox?nfO{ dlxnf klqsfx?n] lgs} cfsif{s 9u+n] k|:t't ug]{ u5{g . d"nwf/]
dlxnf klqsfsf] olx+ wf/nfO{ k5\ofp"b} ev{/} ahf/df cfPsf] gf/L klqsfn]
klg pNn]lvt lsl;dsf ;fdu|Lx?df s'g} sdL x'g lbPsf] 5}g .
xf], olxg]/ cfP/ o; klqsfn] cf˚\gf] k|sfzsLodf n]v]sf s'/fx?df
k|z:t k|Zg p7fpg] sdhf]/Lx? b]vfPsf] 5 . o; klqsfn] k|sfzlsodf n]v]h:tf]
dlxnfnfO{ ;dfhsf] cu|wf/df Nofpgsf nflu dlxnfnfO{ ;zQm, cfTdlge{/ / cf˚\gf]
cl:tTjsf nflu ;+3if{ ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ ;fdu|Lx? lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . klqsfdf
lbOPsf ;fdu|Lx?n] dlxnfnfO{ oyfl:yltdf t'ngfTds ?kdf cln ;lhnf] / ef}lts ?kdf
cfsif{s hLjg af"Rg ;3fp k'Ug] s]xL hfgsf/L / ;"rgfx? lbPsf] 5 t/ pgLx?nfO{
cfTd;Ddfgk"0f{ / cfTdlge{/ hLjglt/ pGd'v u/fpg rflxg] ;fdu|Lx?sf] klqsfdf ;j{yf
cefj b]lvG5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, To; klqsfdf 5flkPsf dlxnfx?sf s]xL gUg /
cw{gUg t:jL/x?sf] c;fGble{s k|:t'tLn] -k]h g+ @^, @&_ klqsfdf n]lvPsf]
k|sfzlsosf] emg} lvNnL p8fPsf] 5 .
cfh dlxnf ;d"xleq klg w]/} lsl;dsf dlxnfx? 5g\ . zx/L If]qdf
Aofj;flos If]qdf nfu]sf dlxnfx? w]/} kIfdf ;Ifd, ;lj|mo, cfTdlge{/ / ˚/flsnf
;f]r ePsf] eO;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx? x/]s s'/fdf v'nf larf/ /fVg] / k|lt:kwf{df
pqg] vfnsf x'"b} uPsf 5g\ oBlk o:tf vfnsf dlxnfx? yf]/}sf] ;+Vofdf 5g\ . o;
cltl/Qm /fhg}lts v]dfdf /x]/ ;lj|mo tyf ;fdflhs u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
ultljlwdf ;lqmo dlxnfx?sf] ;d"x klg lj:tf/} a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . o;b]lv afx]s
csf{y/L o:tf dlxnfx?sf] 7'nf] ;d"x 5 hf] o:tf s'g} klg ;d"xdf kb}{gg\ .
gf/L h:tf] klqsfsf] nlIot ;d"x eg]sf] zx/sf s]xL lzlIft
/ ˚/flsnf] ;f]r ePsf dlxnfx?sf] ;d"x g} xf] h'g dlxnfx? /f]huf/L tyf cfw'lgs
hLjgz}nLsf] kIfaf6 x]bf{ k|utLlt/ g} cu|;/ 5g\ . t/ tL dlxnfx? hf] ;a}
kIfaf6 k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\, cl3 a9\g] cj;/x?af6 al~rt 5g\, To:tf dlxnfx?nfO{
gf/L h:tf klqsfn] cu|wf/df Nofpg s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] gf/L
klqsfn] Tolt 7'nf] pb\3f]if cf˚\gf] k|sfzsLodf gu/]sf] eP 7Ls x'g] lyof] .
;fdfGo dgf]/~hgfTds klqsf eg]sf] eP To;df k|:t't ;fdu|Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf olt
nfdf] l6Kk0fL klg ug'{ kb}{gYof] . t/ 7'nf] pb]Zo /fv]/ dlxnfnfO{ clxn]s}
cj:yfdf cNemfO/fVg] ;fdu|Lx? lbg' cln bf]wf/] s'/f h:t} xf] .
To;}n] olb jf:tjdf g} gf/L klqsfn] cf˚"n] /fv]sf]
nIosf] k'/f glhs gk'u] klg g]kfnL dlxnfsf nflu s]xL ug{ rfxG5 eg] xfn o;n]
;d]6]sf ljifoj:t'df s]xL kl/dfh{g ug{ h?/L 5 . ;fdfGotof dlxnfx?nfO{ w]/}
ulDe/ s'/fx? k9\g ?rfp"b}gg\ eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] ul/G5 . ;/;/tL x]bf{ pgLx?
klg hlt hSbf] cf˚"nfO{ oyfl:yltdf /fVg] vfnsf ;fdu|Lx?df g} /Dg] u5{g\ . t/
o;f] eg]/ pgLx?nfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodn] klg To:tf s'/fx? dfq lbg' x'"b}g .
;~rf/dfWodsf s]xL ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/Lx? klg x'G5g\ h;af6 o;n] dflg;nfO{
cu|utLlt/ pTk]|l/t ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf /fV5 . cfTdlge{/ eP/ ;Ddfgk"0f{ hLGbuL
s;/L af"Rg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf k|]/0ff lbg] sfd ug{ ;S5 .
;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnfx?af/] k|rlnt algagfp 9f"rfcg'¿k g} ;fdu|L
k|sflzt÷k|;fl/t ug]{ ul//x"bf dlxnfk|lt ;dfhsf] wf/0ff ;+s'lrt x'g hfG5 eg]
o;n] dlxnfsf cGo w]/} ;sf/fTds kIfnfO{ klg cf]em]ndf kfl/lbG5 . dlxnfsf
af/]df jf dlxnfsf nflu s]xL ug'{ cl3 dlxnfx?sf] ;d:ofsf] ;DaGwdf :ki6 x'g
h?/L 5 . Tof] :ki6tf ePg eg] cghfgdf g} Tof] k|of; dlxnflj?4 kl/nlIot
x'ghfG5 . To;}n] dlxnfsf ljifodf n]Vg] xf] eg] dlxnfsf] hLjgnfO{ k|efj kfg]{
;jfnx?sf af/]df hfGg' klg h?/L x'G5 . clt ;}4flGts kIfx?sf] rrf{ gu/] klg
cfd g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] hLjgnfO{ cfTd;Ddfgk"0f{ agfpg pgLx?nfO{ jf:tjd} dfgl;s
cflTds ?kdf ;an agfpg] ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ o; klqsfn] lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . pgLx?nfO{
ef}lts s'/fx?lt/ dfq cfslif{t u/]/ 3/leq aGbL agfpg] ;fdu|Lx? lbP/ pgLx?nfO{
;dfhsf] cu|wf/df Nofpg ;lsb}g .
h] xf];\, clwsf+z g]kfnL dlxnfx? ef/taf6 dlxnfsf lglDt eg]/
k|sflzt x'g] klqsfx? w]/} g} k9\g] u5{g\ . em08} ltgsf] ljsNkdf ef/tLo klqsf
h:t} cfsif{s ;fh;Hhf / /+uLg sn]a/df 5flkPsf] gf/L klqsfnfO{ g]kfnL dlxnf
kf7sx?n] lgZro klg :jfut ug'{ kg]{ xf] . ahf/df k|sfzg ;+:yfx?n] / klqsfx?n]
af"Rgsf nflu laleGg vfnsf kl/If0f ul//x]sf x'G5g\ / oxL kl/If0fsf] Pp6f
s8Lsf] ¿kdf gf/L klg ahf/df cfPsf] xf] h:tf] nfU5 . t/ cfkmgf] nufgL
/ xNsf gfkmfsf] ck]Iff /fVg' l7s} s'/f xf] t/ w]/} gfkmf sdfpg] dgzfon]
dlxnfnfO{ 3/leq dfq aGbL agfpg] ;fdu|Lx? dfq lbg' ;fdflhs bfloTj b[li6af6
Psbd} cg'lrt xf] . ;fy} dlxnf ljifonfO{ vfgf ksfpg], 5f]/f5f]/L x'sf{pg], 3/
;hfpg] / >Ldfg\ v';L kfg]{ bfo/fdf dfq a'em\g' ;d;fdlos a'emfO{ xf]Og .
To;}n] gf/L klqsfsf] n]vg, ;Dkfbg / k|sfzg ;d'xn] cfp"bf c+sx?df oL kIfx?df
;r]t x'g]5 eg]/ cfzf ug'{ cltzof]lQm gxf]nf . |
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