d'n'ssf] jt{dfg d"nwf/] /fhgLlt dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 / !* ut]sf]
zfxL 3f]if0ffdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . oL b'a} ;d:ofsf] lgsf; slxn];Dd x'g;Snf
eg]/ eGg;Sg] cj:yfdf clxn];Dd sf]xL klg 5}g . d'n'ssf /fhgLlts bn, g]tf,
gful/s ;dfh / af}l4s ;d"x ;a} o; ;d:ofsf] lgsf;df lg/Gt/ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . t/
;d:ofdf hl6ntf ylkg] j|mdx? lg/Gt/¿kdf a[l4 eO g} /x]sf 5g\ . oL b'O{ ;d:ofdf
klg ljz]ifu/L dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ;dfwfgsf kIfdf s]xL /fhgLlts ljsNkx?sf] rrf{
/fhgLlts tyf gful/s ;dfhaf6 cfO/x]sf] 5 . h:t}–cGtl/d ;/sf/, ;+ljwf;efsf]
r'gfj, uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng cflb . o;} j|mddf s]xL dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?n] dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4sf] ;dfwfgdf dlxnfnfO{ ;xhstf{sf ¿kdf ;xefuL u/fP dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{
;˚n x'g;Sg] bfaL u/]sf] ;dfrf/ klg k|sfzdf cfPsf] lyof] .
kb\dsGof SofDk;sf] u[x lj1fg ljefun] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
sfo{j|mdsf] ljifodf sflt{s @) ut]sf] sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/df
n]lvPsf] lyof] æljutsf s'g} klg jftf{df dlxnfnfO{ ;xhstf{sf ¿kdf ;xefuL gu/fPsf]
cf}Nofpb} ca jftf{sf nflu dWo:ytf ug{ dlxnfnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'k5{ . Ps
sfo{j|mddf dfgj clwsf/jfbL g]tf kb\d/Tg t'nfw/n] k'?ifx? a9L cfqmds eP/
k|:t't x'g] ePsfn] jftf{ ef"l8g ;Sg] atfp"b} jftf{ ;˚n agfpg dlxnf ;˚n x'g ;Sg]
atfpg'eof] . dfcf]jfbL;"u jftf{sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o d'n's / ;+3÷;+:yf dWo:ytf
ug{ tof/ /x]sf a]nf g]kfnL dlxnf lsg cl3 g;g]{ casf] lbgdf dlxnfnfO{ klg ;dfj]z
ug'{k5{ .Æ x'g t s'g} klg sfo{j|mddf cfdlGqt jQmfx? efif0f ug'{k¥of] eg]
sfo{j|mdsf] ljifoj:t' jf cfof]hsx?sf] k[i7e"dLnfO{ a9L Wofg lbO/x]sf x'G5g\
. To;}n] pgLx? cfof]hsnfO{ v'zL t'Nofpg] vfnsf s'/fx? g} af]N5g\ . :yflkt
JolQmx?n] eg]sf jf af]n]sf o:tf s'/fx? tTsfnsf nflu xn'sf jf xf:of:kb h:tf]
nfu] klg nfdf] ;dosf] k}/jLkl5 To:tf egfO -l8;sf];{_ x? 5nkmnsf] ljifosf] ?kdf
:yflkt x'"b} hfG5g\ . To;}n] klg eGg] ul/G5 :yflkt JolQmx?af6 o:tf ax;hGo
egfOx? cfO/xg' kb{5 . emg dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 n}hfg / /fHosf] x/]s
ultljlw / lgsfox?df dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ a[l4 ug{ :yflkt JolQmx?af6
dlxnfsf kIfdf egfOx? cfpg' Psbd} h?/L 5 . o:tf] k|s[ofn] h'g;'s} cfGbf]ng lg/Gt/tfdf
klg hLjg lbg] sfd u5{ .
o;} ;Gbe{df d'n'sdf rln/x]sf] zflGt jftf{sf] k|;+u / zflGt
k|s[ofdf dlxnf ;xeflutfaf/] s]xL k|;+u p7fpg' cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . zflGt :yfkgfsf]
k|lqmofdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] $@!#
cf}+ a}7s4f/f lg0f{o eO cg'df]bg eP cg';f/ ;ª\3if{sf] /f]syfd, ;dfwfg, zflGt
:yfkgfdf Joj:yfkg tyf k|jw{gdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg e"ldsf tyf k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf]
nflu hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;fy} åGåsf] /f]syfd / ;dfwfgsf ;jfnx?df dlxnfx?sf]
lg0ff{ofTds e"ldsfsf nflu klg To; b:tfj]hdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
zlQm ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfnL dlxnfx? w]/} g}
k5fl8 /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfx? d'n'ssf] cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L /fVg rfxG5g\ t/ To;nfO{
lg0ff{os ?kdf k|efljt kfg{ cf˚\gf] :yfg agfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . l;4fGt, bz{g
jf ts{sf cfwf/df ul/g] /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] xfnsf] l:yltdf tYok/s
k'gd"{Nofª\\sgsf] yfngL g]kfnL dlxnf a'l4hLjL tyf /fhg}lts g]tf dlxnfx?n]
ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o; s'/fsf] k'gd"{Nofª\sg ubf{ dlxnfx?n] ca cf˚\gf sdhf]/Lx?nfO{
n'sfpg] k|of; ug'{ x'"b}g . dlxnfx?nfO{ r'gfjL /fhgLltdf plqg Jojxfl/s
sl7gfO 5 eGg] s'/f ;To x'g;S5 . t/ a}rfl/s bIftfo'Qm eP/ /fhgLlt ug{ t
pgLx?nfO{ cK7\of/f] gxg'kg]{ xf] .
d'n'ssf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts cj:yfdf dlxnfx?sf] larf/ k|jfx x'g
g;Sg'n] Ps lsl;dsf] vfnLkg cg'ej x'g yfn]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?af6 o; kIfdf klg
af}l4s ljZn]if0fsf] yfngL ul/g'kg]{ xf] . dlxnfx?df ;}4flGts 1fgsf] sdL 5,
cWoog 5}g, lrGtg 5}g, s'/f a'emb}gg\, cf˚gf] s'/f :ki6 /fVg ;Qm}gg\ eg]/
a]nfdf}sfdf cf/f]k klg nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . o; cf/f]kdf slt jf:tljstf / oyfy{ 5,
o;nfO{ dlxnfx?n] s]nfpg'k5{ . /fhgLlt eg]sf] klg Pp6f snf xf] . o;df lg/Gt/tf
/ k|lta4tf b'a} rflxG5 . ;fy;fy} /fhgLltdf cfkmgf] ljlzi6 klxrfg agfpg
af}l4s cEof; / To;af6 cflh{t Ifdtf klg Tolts} cfjZos x'G5 . t/ o; kIfdf
g]kfnL /fhgLltdf nfu]sf dlxnfx? cln kl5 k/]sf b]lvG5g\ . d"nwf/] /fhgLltdf
cnu klxrfg agfpg] xf] eg] ;DalGwt dlxnfx?n] cfkmgf] ulDe/ ljZn]if0f IfdtfnfO{
k|i6 kfg{ ;Sg'k5{ . dlxnfx?n] klg ;Dj]bgzLn ljifox?df cf˚\gf] cledt lbg
;S5g\, ;d:ofsf] lgsf;df e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ eg]/ b]vfpg ;Sg'k/]sf] 5 .
t/ jt{dfg d'nwf/] kl/l:yltnfO{ lgofNbf af}l4s kIfaf6 dlxnfx?
k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf b]lvb}gg\ . dlxnfx?df k|lt:kwf{ u/]/ dfly
k'Ug'k5{ eGg] cfTdaf]w klg gePsf] xf] ls h:tf] klg b]lvG5 . s]xL k9]n]v]sf
dlxnfx? bft[;+:yf / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?df ;lj|mo /x]sf b]lvG5g\ hxf" af}l4s
cEof;sf] Tolt w]/} cfjZostf kb}{g . of] hdft t'ngfdf cln 7'nf] eP klg
d'n'ssf] ;d:ofdf cf˚gf] dt hfx]/ ug{ pgLx?n] vf;} rf;f] b]vfPsf 5}gg\ .
lzIf0f k]zfdf nfu]sf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf w]/} 5 t/ pgLx? kf7\ok':tsdf
n]lvPsf s'/fx? a'em\g] / a'emfpg] l;dfeGbf aflx/ lg:sg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnfsf
;jfndf af]Ng;Sg] dlxnfx?n] klg /fli6«o dxTjsf ;jfnx?df cWoog ug]{ / dt hfx]/
ug]{ bIftf a9fpg k6Ss} ;s]sf 5}gg\ . /fhgLlt ug]{ dlxnfx? 'xfd|f] g]tfn]
eg]sf]' jf æxfd|f] kf6L{n] eg]sf]Æ eGg]b]lv Ps sbd cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
jf:tjdf g} dlxnf ljifo afx]s cGo ;jfndf dlxnfx?sf] ;"rgf / 1fgsf] cj:yf
cToGt bogLo g} 5 h;nfO{ ljleGg If]qdf gfd sdfPsf dlxnfx? ;a}n] :jLsf/ ug'{k5{
.
;fdflhs ;jfn tyf ;d:ofx?sf] ;"rL lgs} nfdf] /x]sf] o;
d'n'sdf u[xo'4sf] ;dfwfg lx+;faf6 geO{ jftf{AFF6 g} x'g;S5 eGg] lgisif{df
;a} k'lu;s]sf 5g\ t/ jftf{sf] kxn s;/L / s:tf] xf]nf eGg] ;f]rdf sf]xL klg
k'u]sf 5}gg\ . o; cj:yfdf ca dlxnf a'l4hLjLx?af6 klg larf/ tyf cleJolQmx?
cfpg'k¥of] . clxn] ;dfh / /fi6«sf] x/]s PsfOdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf aLrdf ePsf
7'nf vf8nnfO{ k'g{ ca lzlIft dlxnfx? af}l4s If]qdf lqmoflzn eP/ cfpg h?/L
eO;s]sf] 5 . lzlIft dlxnfx?n] ;fj{hlgs /fhg}lts ljifodf cf˚\gf] cledt lbg
lxrlsrfpg 5f]8\g'k¥of] . elgG5 cf˚gf] ;Qf sfod /fVg jf zlQm xf"l;n ug{
h:tf];'s} lsl;dsf] lx+;|s an k|of]u ug'{ lkt[;QfTds k|j[lQ xf] . o;} cfwf/df
klg eGg ;lsG5 jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 klg o;}sf] Pp6f ?k xf] . o;sf] ljsNkdf
ca dlxnfx?n] klg cf˚gf egfOx? /fVg'k5{ .
x'g t a]Olhª\df ePsf] rf}yf] ljZj dlxnf ;Dd]ngn] klg ;z:q
;+3if{sf] l:yltnfO{ zflGt, ;dfgtf / ljsf;sf] kydf ca/f]w dfg]sf] 5 . zflGt :yfkgfsf]
k|lqmofdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] s'/f ubf{ of] kIf Tolt ;jn / k|efjsf/L
b]lvPsf] 5}g . zflGtsf] dfu /fv]/ h'n';, ¥ofnL, wgf{ h:tf sfoqmdx? dlxnf
cf˚}n] cfof]hgf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/ ;dfwfgsf] vf]hsf nflu ul/g] jftf{, 5n˚n,
dWo:ytf h:tf lg0ff{os sfdx?df dlxnfx? Tolt k|efjsf/L ¿kdf st} klg ;+nUg ePsf
5}gg\ . To;}u/L zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg]t˚{ s;}sf] Wofg
klg uPsf] 5}g . o;}n] ef]nL s]xL u/L uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng x'g] eof] eg] / To;df
dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] s'/f p7\of] eg] Toltv]/ of]Uo dlxnf g} 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f
s;}n] ug{ g;s"g\ . To;}n] dlxnfx?n] ca zflGt k|s[ofdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] dfu
ug]{, :yflkt JolQmx?sf] d'vaf6 To:tf dfunfO{ cl3 ;fg]{ dfq xf]Og ls o;sf
nflu of]Uo x'g u[xsfo{sf] klg yfngL u/] x'G5 . oxf" Pp6f s'/f hf]8\g' klg
h?/L 5, dfcf]jfbLx?n] cf˚\gf] cfGbf]ngdf h;/L dlxnfx?nfO{ aGb's af]sfPsf 5g
To;}u/L ef]nL d'n'sdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng eof] eg] dfcf]jfbLx?n] slt dlxnf
k|ltlglw pkl:ylt u/fp"5, Tof] klg x]g'{ k/]sf] 5 .
