uPsf] z'qmaf/ cyf{t sflQs @@ ut] /ftL g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] ;dfrf/df
;'b"/ klZrdsf] Pp6f ;dfrf/ l/kf]l6{ª k|:t't ul/of] . To; l/kf]l6{ªdf
s}nfnLsf dlxnfx?n] yfn]sf] Pp6f gjLg ;fdflhs hfu/0fsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lbOPsf]
lyof] . s}nfnLdf dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu sfo{/t Ps u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf]
cu'jfO{df Toxf"sf dlxnfx?n] ltxf/sf] ;dodf h'jftf; v]Ng] / kmh'n vr{ u/L kj{
dgfpg] sfo{nfO{ /f]Sg cleofg g} rnfPsf lyP . To; e]usf sl/a kf"r ;o dlxnfn]
To; ;dodf 3/sf k'?if ;b:onfO{ h'jftf; v]Ng ghfg / kmh'n vr{ gu/L cfkmgf]
uR5] cg';f/ ltxf/ dgfpg cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . ;fy} olb sf]xL k'?ifn] pQm cg'/f]w
cl:jsf/ u/L To; ljkl/t sfd u/]df dlxnfx?n] hl/jfgf ;hf"o ug]{ lgZro klg u/]sf
lyP . o;/L rf8kj{sf gfddf lgDTofOg] cfly{s af]em / ;fdflhs ljs[ltx?nfO{ cGTo
ug{ dlxnfx?n] u/]sf] pQm k|of; jf:tjdf cg's/0fLo / k|z+;lgo lyof] h;sf af/]df
;~rf/dfWoddf cem k|z:t k|rf/k|;f/ ul/g'kYof]{ .
s}nfnLsf dlxnfx?n] b]vfPsf] of] ;r]t ;lqmotf s]xL jif{cl3
d'n'ssf ljleGg efudf dlxnfx?n] dlb/f ;]jg lj?4 ;~rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ng;+u
ldNbf]h'Nbf] b]lvG5 . c5fd, bfª, l;Gw'nL, ?kGb]xL, af"s] nufotsf bh{gf}
lhNnfdf :jt:km't{ ?kdf ;~rfng ePsf] dlb/f lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngn] w]/} 7fp"x?df
Toltv]/ ;kmntf klg kfPsf] lyof] / kl/jf/ tyf ;DalGwt ;dfhdf To;sf lgs} /fd|f
k|efjx? klg b]lvPsf lyP . jf:tjdf ;dfhsf] tNnf] txdf /x]sf dlxnfx? cfkm}n]
cfkm", kl/jf/ / ;dfhnfO{ ljyf]ln/x]sf] s'g} unt rngnfO{ klxNofP/, To;sf lj?4
;+ul7t eP/ cfkmgf] lqmoflzntf hfx]/ u/]sf] Tof] klxnf] cj;/ g} lyof] eg] klg
x'G5 . o; cy{df obfsbf To; cleofgnfO{ g]kfnL gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] cg'kd pbfx/0fsf]
?kdf klg JofVof ug]{ ul/G5 . t/ b'vsf] s'/f, To; cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg
g;Sbf s]xL ;dokl5 k'gM tL 7fp"x?df dlb/fsf] ;]jg z'? eof] .
t/ h] eP klg To; cleofgn] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gsf lglDt
dlxnfx?n] k|efjsf/L e'ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ eGg] ultnf] kf7 l;sfPsf] lyof] .
dlxnfx?df cfkm'nfO{ xfgL ug]{ rngk|ltsf] r]tgf / To;sf lj?4 ;lqmotf x'g ;Sof]
eg] To:tf s'rngx? klg cGTo ug{ ;lsbf]+ /x]5 eGg] pbfx/0f dlb/f lj/f]wL
cfGbf]ngn] lbPsf] lyof] . clxn] s}nfnLdf dlxnfx?n] b]vfPsf] of] ;lqmotf ;d]t
To; cleofgn] lbPsf] ;Gb]zaf6 ck|ToIf ?kdf eP klg k|efljt 5 eg]/ cg'dfg ug{
ufxf/f] kb}{g .
;fdfGotof g]kfnL ;dfhdf rf8kj{ dgfpg], l/tLltyL hf]ufO/fVg]
/ k/Dk/fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] sfddf dlxnfx? g} a9L cu|;/ x'g] u5{g\ . To; qmddf
k/Dk/fsf slt s'/fnfO{ lng] / slt s'/fnfO{ 5f8\g] eGg] ljZn]if0f cToGt sd
dlxnfx?n] dfq ub{5g\ . cGwljZjf; / ?9 ;f]rx?4f/f lgb]{lzt wfld{s k/Dk/fnfO{
h:tfsf t:t} dfGg] dfq xf]Og, a? cfw'lgs pkef]QmfjfbL ;+:s[ltn] nfb]sf
ljs[ltx?nfO{ cg';/0f ug{df ;d]t pgLx? ;lqmo b]lvG5g\ . Psflt/ pg} dlxnfx?
tLg ;o k};¶L k6s hgfgf+u wf]P/, bltjg 6f]s]/ / :gfg u/]/ Clif k~rdLsf] k'hf
ub}{ /h:jnf x'"bfsf] kfk sf6\g] k|of; u5{g\ eg] csf{lt/ pgLx? g}
To:tf rf8kj{x?df dx+uf uxgf, cfe'if0f / klx/gsf] k|lt:kwf{df nfu]sf x'G5g\ .
o; k+StLdf lzlIft dlxnfx? klg 7'nf] ;+Vofdf 5g\ . dfgljo d"No, k/Dk/fsf] ul/df
/ wfld{s cf:yfnfO{ aflx/L t8se8s tyf cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] k|bz{gsf] t/fh'df
/fv]/ ljs[t agfpg] sfd klg hfgLghfgL dlxnfx?af6} ePsf] 5 .
w]/}h;f] dlxnfx? cfkm'nfO{ xfgL ug]{ / kL8f lbg] k/Dk/fnfO{
hf]ufpgdf g} a9L tNnLg ePsf x'G5g\ . oBlk o;sf k5fl8 dlxnfx?af6 ck]Iff ul/g]
kfl/jfl/s ;fdflhs e'ldsf, cfly{s cfTdlge{/tfsf] cefj, ljZn]if0f Ifdtfsf]
cefj, kl/jt{gnfO{ c"ufNg vf]Hbf cfpg] r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtfsf] sdL
h:tf w]/} sf/0fx? lhDd]jf/ xf]nfg\ h;n] pgLx?nfO{ unt k/Dk/fsf ;DaGwdf
k"glj{rf/ ug{ tyf To;nfO{ abNg] ;f]r ljsf; ug{af6 /f]s nufO/x]sf 5g\ .
k|efjsf lx;fan] o:tf unt rng / ;fdflhs ljs[ltx?n] d"ntM dlxnfx?sf] gLlh hLjg
/ l;+uf] kl/jf/nfO{ g} lgs} g/fd|f] c;/ kfl//x]sf x'G5g\ .
o;/L rfx]/ jf grfx]/ ?9Lu|:t wfld{s k/Dk/f / ;fdflhs
ljs[ltx?sf afxs ag]sf dlxnfx?n] g} To:tf s'rngx? x6fpg k|d'v e'ldsf v]Ng
;S5g\ . o; s'/fsf] r]tgf dlxnfx?df cfpg ;Sg' ;d:ofsf] nueu cfwf ;dfwfg xf] /
To;sf lj?4 lqmoflzntfn] t ;d:ofnfO{ k'/} lg/fs/0f ug{ ;S5 . s]xL jif{cl3sf]
dlb/f lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng / clxn]sf] h'jftf; tyf kmh'n vr{ lj/f]wL ;lqmotfn]
s]xL ?kdf eP klg dlxnfx?df ;dofg's"n o:tf] r]tgf cfp"b} uPsf] tYo k"g{k'i6L
ub{5 .
dlxnfx?n] cfkm' ;+ul7t x'g lgdf{0f u/]sf cfdf ;d'x, Sna, ;xsf/L
tyf cGo :j?ksf ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?n] clxn] ufp" ufp"df dlxnfx?df o:tf] r]tgf
Nofpg k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . 5ofln; ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ;+3;+u7g vf]Ng
kfpg] clwsf/sf] pkef]u ub}{ dlxnfx?df klg ;d'xdf a:g] / lgoldt e]63f6 ug]{
k|j[lQ a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
cfly{s k/lge{/tf dlxnfx?sf] :jflwg x}l;otsf nflu ;a}eGbf
7'nf] cj/f]w xf] eGg] cfTd ljZn]if0fn] ubf{ lgoldt ?kdf art ug]{ / Jofj;flos
tyf gLlh vf"rf] 6fg{ To; ;fd'lxs artnfO{ pkof]u ug]{ dlxnf ;d'xx?sf] k|d'v
sfd ePsf] 5 . of] b[Zo nueu ;a} ufp" 7fp"df p:t} 5 . To; afx]s ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf
sfdx?df klg dlxnfx?sf] hfu?stf sd pNn]vlgo 5|}g . oL ;a}sf] bf"hf]df cem}
klg k/Dk/fut s'l/tLx? tyf cGwljZjf;sf ;DaGwdf ;fd'lxs 5nkmn ug]{, To;sf lj?4
;fdflhs cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ / To:tf s'rngx?nfO{ /fd|f rngx?n] k|lt:yflkt ug]{
k|of; eg] yf]/} 7fp"x?df dfq ePsf] 5 .
oyfl:yltnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ qmddf wfld{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts
kIf;+u hf]l8Psf ;'Id s'/fx?, cf:yf, ljZjf; / Jojxf/dfly k|Zg p7fpg', tLgnfO{
5nkmnsf] ljifo agfpg' / kl/jt{g Nofpg' ;a}eGbf sl7g sfd xf] . t/ Tolx+ sl7g
sfd gu/L dlxnfx?sf] hLjgdf jf:tjd} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsb}g lsgsL
dlxnfx?sf] k/lge{/tf / bf];|f] x}l;otsf nflu o:t} ;'Id kIfx? a9L lhDd]jf/
x'G5g\ . To;}n] yf]/} 7fp"df eP klg dlxnfx?n] k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt;+u hf]l8Psf
s'l/tLx?nfO{ abNg h] hlt k|of; u/]sf 5g\, tLgsf] k|z:t k|rf/k|;f/ ul/g'k5{ .
h;af6 cGo 7fp"sf dlxnfx?n] klg To;sf] cg';/0f ug{ ;s'g\ .
uPsf] ltxf/df s}nfnLsf dlxnfx?n] yfn]sf] h'jftf; / kmh'n vr{
lj/f]wL cleofgn] ;fdflhs ljs[ltsf aflx/L kIfnfO{ k|xf/ ug{ s]xL d4t cjZo k'¥ofPsf]
5 . o;n] kfl/jfl/s ;'v / zflGtnfO{ layf]Ng] s'l/tLnfO{ lg:t]h agfpg k|of;
u/]sf] 5 . t/ Jojxf/sf oL aflx/L kIfx? ;+u;+u} ljleGg wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fdf
/x]sf cGo ?9 k/Dk/f tyf cGwljZjf;nfO{ pv]Ng dlxnfx?sf] ;d'xnfO{ rgfvf] tyf ;lqmo
kfg{' cfjZos b]lvO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf lglDt oL s'/fx?sf] ;}4flGts ljZn]if0f,
Jojxfl/s pkof]lutf h:tf ljifodf k|z:t ;+jfb / 5nkmn x'g' hlt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5,
To:tf] k|of;df nfu]sf JolQm tyf ;d'xsf sfdx?nfO{ :ofjfzL lbg] / pgLx?sf
sfdx?sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{ klg plQs} k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . t;y{, s}nfnLsf tL ;lqmo
dlxnfx?sf] r]tgf / k|of;nfO{ km]/L Psk6s wGojfb .
