clxn] Pp6f lg/Gt/ / ;j{JofkL ax;sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5– dlxnfsf] ljifo . If]q h'g;'s} x'g;S5 – ljsf;, clwsf/, jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;~rf/ cflb t/ x/]s If]qdf dlxnfsf] ;Gbe{ hf]l8P/ cfPsf] x'G5 / cfpg'k5{ klg . o;} k|;u+df ;~rf/ If]qdf klg dlxnf k6sk6s hf]l8g] / vf]tlng] ljifo aGg] u/]sf] 5 . lj8Dagfjz ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnfnfO{ ;w}" cfjZos / ;Gt'lnt 9u+n] dfq k|:t't gu/L k|foh;f] ;g;gLk"0f{ ?kdf cgfjZos 7fp"df klg p5fNg] sfd u5{ . kmn:j?k /fHosf] rf}yf] cs+sf ?kdf lgikIf ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ bfloTj af]s]sf] ;~rf/dfWodsf sltko sdL–sdhf]/Ln] ubf{ s'g} t];|f] kIf cgfxsdf kLl8t aGg'k/]sf] 36gfx? klg k|z:t e]l6G5g\ .

pknAw ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ s]nfp"bf ;~rf/sdL{x?sf c;+j]bgzLn / u}/lhDd]jf/ n]vgaf6 nv]l6Psf ;d"xx?dWo]df g} k5{g\ dlxnfx? klg . cem ljz]ifu/L dlxnfsf dfgj clwsf/ / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg] gf/LjfbLx?n] t a]nfa]nfdf ;~rf/dfWod dfkm{t cToGt tNnf] :t/sf cf/f]k / ufnLx? klg a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . o;} j|mddf oxf" Pp6f tfhf pbfx/0fnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . ut k'; !! ut]sf] 36gf / ljrf/ ;fKtflxsdf k|sflzt ‘c? cft+sjfbL hGdg] vt/f‘ zLif{ssf] n]vsf n]vsn] ;Gbe{xLg tl/sfn] n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg] dlxnfx?sf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] l6Kk0fL b'vnfUbf] 9u+n] pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . pgL n]V5g\, æcf_"nfO{ ;Eo ;dfhsf] k|jt{s 7fGg] w]/} gv/dfpnLx?, jlni7 k'?ifx?;"usf y/Ly/Lsf of}gf;fgnfO{ dlxnf d"lQmsf] rZdfn] x]b}{ n}lu+s lje]bsf] p6\k6\ofª\ ts{ cl3 ;fl//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? ;xL x'Gy] t 8f]NkfsL Pp6L el/of, ;f]n'sL u[lx0fL / bfr'{nfsL 3"l;gLnfO{ ;fy lbg k'Uy] . /fhwfgLdf a;]/ Pp6f v}/] / ;'ljwfef]uL xf]6nsf] laR5\of}gfdf /Tof}nL dgfpg] ;kgf b]Vg] lyPgg\ . ;fdflhs lsrnf] pTkGg u/fpg] o:t} sfo{x?n] h'g;'s} avt klg /fi6«dfly eo+s/ ;d:of v8f ul/lbG5g\ . b'lgof"df st} klg gb]lvPsf] eGb} cf"vf lrDng] kl/kf6L hfu} /x\of] eg] ef8fsf ‘JolQm‘ x?n] n}lu+s cfGbf]ng rsf{pg ;S5g\ . lsgeg] k]6 kfNgsf] lglDt ef}tfl/O/x]sf] hdft afWotfjz xf]ldO/x]sf] x'G5 / c?x?nfO{ klg xf]dfp"5 .Æ

n]vsn] pQm n]vdf n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ slyt dfcf]jfbL hgo'_ tyf hftLjfbL, If]qLotfjfbL / wfld{s ;Dk|bfojfbL cfGbf]ngx? h:t} Ps cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ . oL ;a} cfGbf]ngx?af6 ef]ln ;dfhdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cft° km}lng;Sg] ;Defjgfaf/] ;r]t agfpg vf]Hbfvf]Hb} n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] cfGbf]ngdf nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?nfO{ pgn] cf_"n] hfg] hlt ufnL klg u/]sf 5g\ . x'g t, n]vsn] pQm n]vdf hftLo tyf cGo cfGbf]ngsf gs/fTds kl/0ffdsf ;DaGwdf lgs} /fd|f] s'/f klg p7fPsf 5g, t/ dlxnfx?sf] ;Gbe{df n]Vg'kbf{ n]vs a9L g} cfj|mfds, ctfls{s / lgDg:t/sf] dgu9Gt] ufnLdf plqPsf 5g\ . x'g;S5, s]xL lghL cg'ej jf s;}k|ltsf] JolQmut k"jf{u|xn] ubf{ n]vsnfO{ n}lu+s ;dfgtfdf nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf ;d'bfok|lt ljt[i0ff pTkGg ePsf] xf], t/ o;n] ubf{ pgsf] snd ;a} dlxnfx?k|lt h;/L vlgPsf] 5 To;nfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x¥ofpg ;ls+b}g .

pQm n]vnfO{ d h:t} cGo w]/} kf7sx?n] klg k9]sf] x'g'k5{ / n]vsn] jf:tjdf cf_\gf] n]vdf dlxnfx?sf ;DaGwdf s] eGg vf]h]sf x'g\ eg]/ Psl5g cjZo klg 3f]l/Psf] x'g'k5{ . t/ dnfO{ nfU5, o:tf s'/fx? ;'g]/ jf k9]/ cfkm"d} ;f]rdf 8'Ag'eGbf To;sf] lj/f]w x/]sn] cf–cf_\gf 7fp"af6 ug'{'k5{ . df}gtfsf] ;+:s[ltn] untM s'/fx?nfO{ klg cl3 a9fO/x]sf] x'G5 h;sf] kl/0ffd cGtt Psbd} g/fd|f] x'G5 . k|hftGqdf cf_gf] ljrf/ /fVg] / s'g} klg cfGbf]ngk|lt cf:yf jf cfgf:yf k|s6 ug]{ :jtGqtf ;a}nfO{ 5 . t/ To;nfO{ s'g} ju{ jf ;d"xsf] k|lti7fdf g} cf3ft kfg]{ u/L clt/l~ht u/]/ b]vfOG5 eg] To;sf] k|ltsf/ klg ul/g'k5{ .

o;} ;Gbe{df b]zsf] jt{dfg cj:yf, pknAw cleJolQm :jtGqtf / Toxf"leq dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu p7]sf :j/x? dxŒjk"0f{ cGt;{DalGwt ljifox? x'g\ . clxn] b]zdf ;fdflhs / cfly{s j|mflGtsf] cfjZostf 5 eg]/ ;a}lt/af6 dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . t/ To; ;fdflhs / cfly{s j|mflGtsf] :ki6 vfsf s:tf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ 5n_nrflx" ug{ yflnPsf] 5}g, h'g s'/f ug{ ;lhnf] klg 5}g . oltv]/ b]zsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs ;+/rgfx? cToGt} sdhf]/ tyf vf]j|mf] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . ;fy} pQm ;+/rgfnfO{ cf8– e/f];f lbg] /fhgLlts g]tfx? klg cndNn / nfrf/ ePsf b]lvG5g\ . lsgls pgLx?n] w]/} 7'N7'nf /fhgLlts uNtLx? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . tL uNtLx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ :ki6 / k|efjsf/L sfo{j|mdx? hgtfsf] dfemdf k'¥ofpg;Sg] pgLx?sf] cj:yf klg 5}g . olt x'"bfx'"b} klg cfd hgtf / af}l4s hdftsf] cf"vf cem} klg b]zsf g]tfx?dfly g} c8]sf] 5 .

csf]{lt/ /fhgLlts If]qaf6 k|ltlbg gof"– gof" k|lta4tf, cjwf/0ff tyf u7aGwgsf s'/fx? klg ;fj{hlgs x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] j:t'ut cj:yf Ps lsl;dsf] 5 / To;df tflŒjs ?kdf s'g} kl/jt{g klg cfPsf] 5}g, t/ g]tfx?sf] ;f]r / ljZn]if0f cnUu} lsl;dn] k|:t't eO/x]sf] 5 . pgLx? cfkm\gf ltg} ;f]rfO / ljZn]if0fnfO{ cl3 ;fb}{ gof" –gof" /fhgLlts ;dLs/0f / u7aGwgsf] s'/fnfO{ ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm lbO/x]sf 5g\ t/ To:tf] cawf/0ff / pgLx?n] ;f]r]sf s'/fnfO{ a'em\g tyf To;sf] dxŒj cfTd;ft\ ug{ cfdhgtf / af}l4s hdftnfO{ lgs} g} sl7gfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

t/ klg d'n'sdf dfcf]jfbLb]lv cGo ;a} vfnsf /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbg] :yfgdf km]l/ klg g]tfx? 5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ pgLx?n] a'lem/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] af}l4s hdft ljleGg d~rx?af6 /fhgLlts g]tfx?nfO{ dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ k|of;df klg nflu/x]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf /fhgLlts zlQmsf kbx?df /x]sf JolQmx? cyf{t\ g]tfx?dfly k"0f{ cljZjf; ug'{ eg]sf] Ps lsl;dn] k|hftGqdfly cljZjf; ug'{ ;/x klg x'G5, h'g uNtL g]kfnL hgtf s'g} klg cj:yfdf ug{ rfx"b}gg\ . cflv/ k|hftGq eg]sf] k|hftGq g} xf] h;n] hgtfnfO{ cf_\gf clwsf/sf s'/fx? v'n]/ dfUg] 7fp" lbG5, cfkm"n] r'g]sf JolQmx?n] uNtL ubf{ va/bf/L ug]{ cj;/ lbG5 . o:tf] k|hftGqn] dlxnfx?sf lglDt emg} 7"nf] dxŒj /fVb5 lsgls k|hftflGqs Joj:yfdf g} dlxnfx?n] cf_" :jtGq x'g;Sg] af6f]x? /fHo / ;dfh;"u afu]{lg· u/]/ ;'/lIft agfpg ;S5g\ .

s'g} klg ;fdflhs j|mflGtdf Pp6f ju{n] csf]{ ju{nfO{ k/fZt u/L gof" o'usf] ;"qkft u5{ . t/ n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf nflu eO/x]sf] dlxnfx?sf] cfGbf]ngn] k'?ifx?nfO{ cnUofP/ jf 5]p nufP/ xf]Og ;fy;fy} lnP/ lx+8\g'df g} cf_\gf] ;_ntf b]v]sf] 5 . To;}n] dlxnfx?nfO{ ;a} 9u+n] clwsf/;DkGg agfpg] xf] / lk5l8Psf] jt{dfg cj:yfaf6 dfly p7fpg] xf] eg] ;a}eGbf klxn] dlxnfx? cfkm} hfu?s x'g' t cfjZos 5"b}5, t/ To;eGbf a9L k'?ifx?n] pgLx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dembf/Llagf o:tf] kl/jt{g ;Dej 5}g eg]/ a'lemlbg' cfjZos x'G5 .

dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] ;DaGwdf /x]sf tdfd cljZjf; / ;Gb]xx?nfO{ vtd u/L kf/:kl/s ;f}xfb{tf k}bf ug{ jt{dfg ;fdflhs /fhgLlts ;+/rgfdf c;Dej 5 . t/ klg dlxnfx?sf] rfxgf Pp6f ;d'bfo clwsf/;DkGg / csf]{ clwsf/ljxLg /x]sf] l:ylt _]l/g' k5{ eGg] /x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?sf] o; rfxgfdf ;fy lbg] k'?if ;xsdL{x?sf] hdft ;docg';f/ a9\b} klg uPsf] 5 . ;fy} dlxnfx?sf ;DaGwdf Wofg lbg cfjZos csf]{ Pp6f kIf klg 5 / Tof] kIf xf] – dgf]j}1flgs kIf . dlxnf / k'?if ;dfg x'g\ eGg] s'/f k|To]s JolŒtsf] r]tgfdf k|lti7flkt x'g'k5{ . cGoyf ;dfgtfsf s'/fx? cf8Da/ dfq x'g]5g\ / lk7\o"k5fl8 Psn] csf]{sf] vf]O/f] vGg] zLto'4 hf/L /xg] 5 .

dlxnf / k'?ifsf] k|j[lQnfO{ lnP/ nfdf] ;dob]lv Pp6f unt dfGotf ;dfhdf xfjL /x]sf] kfOG5 . Tof] xf] – dlxnf / k'?if Pscsf{sf ljk/Lt lnu+ x'g\ . oxL dfGotfn] ubf{ k'?if s7f]/, cfqmfds, lgi7'/ / dlxnf sf]dn / zfGt x'G5g\ eGg]h:tf ;fdflhs cjwf/0ffx? :yflkt ul/Psf 5g\ . t/ oyfy{df o:tf a'emfO / cjwf/0ffx? ;a} 7fp"df ;xL eO/x]sf x'"b}gg\ lsgls dlxnf k'?if b'a} Psbf];|f]sf] 7Ls pN6f] w|'jdf plePsf k|f0fL xf]Ogg\ . b'j}sf] :jtGq cl:tTj 5 / b'a}sf cf–cf_\g} vfn] ljlzi6 u'0fx? 5g\ . h'g lbg b'j}n] Pscsf{sf] cl:tTjut ljlzi6tfnfO{ :jLsf/]/ ldqjt xft a9fpg] 5g\, ta uP/ dfq n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] cfGbf]ngsf] cGt x'g]5 .

xfd|f] ;dfhn] zbLof}+b]lv cfh;Dd klg dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ k[ys /fVg] e/dUb'/ sf]l;; ul//x]sf] 5 . _ntM dlxnfsf nflu k'?if / k'?ifsf nflu dlxnf /x:odo agfOPsf 5g\ . x'g t clxn] s]xL lzlIft dlxnfx?n] cf_\gf] OR5fcg';f/sf] lzIff, k];f / hLjg;fyL /f]Hg yfln;s]sf 5g\, y'k}| dlxnfx?n] cfly{s :jtGqtfsf] nflu cf_"nfO{ tof/ klg kf/]sf 5g\ / lwdf ?kn] kl/jf/leq cf_\gf] e"ldsfnfO{ kl/jt{g ub}{ nu]sf 5g\ . cf_\gf k|of;n] clwsf/;DkGg ePsf dlxnfx?sf] k|yd rfxgf klg 8f]NkfsL Pp6L el/of dlxnf, ;f]n'sL u[lx0fL / bfr'{nfsL 3"l;gLsf] hLjgdf kl/jt{g cfcf]; eGg] xf] . o;sf] nflu zx/sf ;a} dlxnfx? ufp" g} k:g'k5{ eGg' ts{;u+t 7xb}{g . zx/sf lzlIft dlxnfx?sf] kl/jf/nfO{ klg pgLx?sf] cfjZostf 5 . t/ klg cf_\gf] kl/jf/sf lhDd]jf/LnfO{ e/;s k"/f ub,}, ljBdfg y'k|} ;fdflhs dgf]j}1flgs k|j[lQx?;"u h'Wb} 8f]NkfsL el/of, ;f]n'sL u[lx0fL / bfr'{nfsL 3"l;gL dlxnfx?sf] hLjgdf klg kl/jt{g Nofpg] k|of;df lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fpg' zx/sf lzlIft dlxnfx?sf] nflu lgs} 7"nf] sl7g sfo{ ePsf]5 .