g]kfndf sfg"gL /fh z'? ePsf] w]/} ;do lalt;s]sf] 5 . sfg'gsf
cl3 ;a} ;dfg x'G5g\ / sfg'gn] ck/fwLnfO{ b08Lt u5{ eGg] klg ;fdfGo
ljZjf;leqs} s'/f xf] . t/ Jojxf/df x]bf{ of] tYo jf:tjdf g} ;To eg] xf]Og
lsgsL sfg'gn] lbg] clwsf/ klg To;n] dfq pkef]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5 h;n] cGofosf
lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg / Gofo vf]Hg c•f cbfnt bf}8g ;S5 . /fHosf ;r]t cf"vf /
rgfvf kx/]bf/x? cGofo cTofrf/df k/]sf lkl8tx?sf]df k'u]/ dnd nufpg] sfd cem}
klg yfngL ePsf] 5}g . To;f] dfq x}g, /fHosf] ;+/If0fsf] cefjdf lkl8tx?
cTofrf/Laf6 emg\ a9L cft+lst x'g'kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t ;[hgf x'g] ub{5 . o;sf]
HjnGt pbfx/0f xfn} dfq slknj:t'df b]lvPsf] 5 .
kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ df3sf] t];|f] ;ftf
slknj:t'sf] u0f]zk'/ j8;8jfdf bz dlxnfx?dfly ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ ul/of] . anfTsf/;+u}
ufp"df n'6kf6 / cfuhgL klg ul/of] . b'u{d :yfg, ;~rf/ ;'ljwfsf] cefj / sd
lzlIft hgtfx? ePsf sf/0f 36gfsf] hfgsf/L lhNnf ;b/d'sfdl:yt k|x/L sfof{no;Dd
cfOk'Ug klg xkm\tf lbg nfUof] /] . t/ k|x/L ;lqmotf / k|zf;lgs tbf?stfsf]
cefjsf sf/0f ck/fwLx?nfO{ vf]hL / lu/km\tf/ ug]{ sfd x'g ;s]g . anfTs[t /
ufp"n]x?nfO{ ck/fwLx? km]/L klg kmls{P/ cfqmd0f unf{g\ eg]/ 8/ qf; a9\of] /
pgLx? qmdz cfkm\gf] ufp" 5f8\b} lx8\g yfn] . sf]xL ef/t efl;g k'u] eg] sf]xL
g]kfnleq} cfkm\gf cfkmGtx? vf]h]/ af; dfUg k'u] . ;fy} olt 7'nf] ck/fw 36\bf
klg o;sf lj?4 st}af6 cfjfh p7\g g;s]sf]df ;DalGwt JolQmx?n] u'gf;f] u/]sf ;dfrf/x?
klg o; aLrdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
kSs} klg Pp6L dlxnf jf dlxnfx?sf] ;d'xdfly ;fd'lxs anfTsf/
ePsf] of] 36gf g t klxnf] xf] g t clGtd g} x'g]5 . o; cy{df of] 36gf
dlxnflj?4 lx+;fsf cgluGtL >[+vnfx?df Pp6f 36gf dfq xf] eg]/ eGg ;lsPnf . t/
o; 36gfdf s]xL To:tf ulDe/ kIfx? n's]sf 5g\ h;n] of] ck/fwnfO{ a9L ;Dj]bgzLn
agfOlbPsf] 5 . ;dfrf/ ljj/0f cg';f/, o; ufp"df klxn] @)$& ;fndf klg
dlxnfx?dfly o:t} ;fd'lxs anfTsf/sf] ck/fw 36]sf] lyof] . Toltv]/ sl/a tLg
bh{g dlxnfx?dfly o:tf] s's[To ul/Psf] lyof] . clxn] km]l/ bz hgf dlxnfx?lj?4
p:t} lsl;dsf] cTofrf/ x'g'n] ufp"sf] cfly{s /fhgLlts cj:yf / ufp"n]x?sf]
Go"g r]tgf:t/ / sdhf]/ x}l;otsf] kmfObf p7fO{ To:tf ck/fwLx?n] o; 7fp"nfO{
lx+;f ug]{ ynf]sf ?kdf x]g{ yfn]sf x'g\ ls ulDe/tfk"j{s ;f]Rg}k5{ . clnstf ;d'x
agfP/ / xltof/ af]s]/ uof] eg] ufp"n]x? ql;t x'G5g\ / h] klg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
efjgf ck/fwLx?df el/b} uPkl5 To; 7fp"df hlt k6s klg o:tf s's[To x'g ;S5g\ .
clxn] :yflgoaf;Lx?df k'gM cfqmd0f xf]nf ls eGg] Tolx 8/n] 3/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
t/ lkl8t / ufp"n]x?nfO{ o; 8/af6 k|x/L k|zf;g, /fhgLlts bn,
dfgj clwsf/jfbL jf dlxnfsf nflu sfo{/t ;+3;+:yf s;}n] klg d'Qm ug{ ;s]sf
5}gg\ . 36gfsf] xKtflbgkl5 dfq To;sf] hfgsf/L k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ lbg] :yflgoaf;Lx?sf]
l:yltn] pgLx?sf] ql;t dfgl;stfnfO{ emNsfp"5 . t/ Tof] hfgsf/L kfO;s]kl5 klg
ck/fwL vf]Hg k|zf;gn] tbf?stf gb]vfPsf] eGg] u'gf;f] :yflgo JolQmx?sf] dfq
ge} To; lhNnfsf lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts bnsf lhDd]jf/ JolQmx?n] klg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
k|zf;g o; 36gfdf cfkgf] ;lqmo cg';Gwfg / tbf?stf b]vfpg lsg
kl5 kl//x]sf] 5 < p;sf] ;lqmotf ck/fwL vf]Hg] sfo{sf ;fy} lkl8tx?nfO{ /fxt,
pkrf/ ;'ljwf, ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt / cGo cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]lt/ klg s]Gb|Lt
x'g'kg]{ lyof] . t/ oL ;a} s'/fx?df p;sf] rf;f] lhDd]jf/ ?kdf JoQm eO/x]sf]
5}g eg] k|zf;gaf6 Tof] bfloTj k'/f u/fpg ;dfhsf cGo kIfx?n] klg bjfj ;[hgf
ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ck/fwLx?n] ck/fw ul/;s]kl5 ædfcf]jfb lhGbfjfbÆ eg]/ gf/f
nufp"b} uPsf lyP eGg] egfO{n] :yflgo JolQmx?n] cfz+sfsf] Pp6f ;'O{ To; ;d'xlt/
klg ;f]emfPsf 5g\ h;sf ;DaGwdf dfcf]jfbLsf] lhDd]jf/ g]t[Tj kIfn]
af]Ng'kg]{df clxn];Dd s]xL af]ln/x]sf] 5}g . 36gf:yn ef/t;+u hf]l8Psf]
lhNnfsf] b'u{d ufp"df 36]sf] x'"bf ck/fwLx? ef/lto n'6]/f ;d'xx? x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf
klg 5 . ck/fwL dfcf]jfbL jf ef/lto n'6]/f ePsf] ;Defljt cf+zsfdf k|zf;g cfkm}
ql;t eP/ kf] ck/fwLsf] vf]hL ug{ ;lqmo gePsf] xf] ls < cyjf dflydfly;Dd /fhgLlts
kx'"r gePsf / lhNnfd} klg cfly{s jf cGo sf/0fn] b/f] x}l;ot gePsf ælgd'vfÆ
ufp"n]x?dfly ePsf] Hofblt x'gfn] k|zf;gn] ulDe/tfk"j{s glnPsf] xf] ls <
h'g;'s} sf/0fn] xf];\, clxn];Dd k|zf;g cfjZos ?kdf ;lqmo / ;Dj]bgzLn 5}g .
k|zf;gsf] o:tf] h3Go ck/fwk|ltsf] pbfl;gtf / lglZqmotfn] ck/fwLx?sf]
dgf]an a9fOlbPsf] 5 . t/ lkl8t ufp"n]x? ;'/Iff kfpg'kg]{ cfkgf] gful/s clwsf/
vf]Hg'sf] ;f6f] ufp" g} 5f8]/ knfog eO/x]sf 5g\ . k|zf;gn] ulDe/tf;fy o;
36gfnfO{ lnPg eg]/ u'gf;f] ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx? cfkm}n] klg o;df
ck/fwLnfO{ sf/jfxL u/fpg / lkl8tnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ h'g tbf?stf b]vfpg' kg]{ xf],
Tof] ul//x]sf 5}gg\ . oBlk kl5Nnf]k6s hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] cfkgf] tkm{af6
36gfsf] 5fgaLg ug{ Ps cfof]u u7g u/]sf] s'/f ;'lgPsf] 5 . o;/L ;dfhsf ljleGg
kIfx? klg o; ljeT; 36gfk|lt cfjZos ;Dj]bgzLn geOlbPkl5 k|zf;gsf] lzlyntfdf
b/f] cf}+nf 7l8g ;s]sf] 5}g .
oL ;a} l:yltx?sf] hf]8 kl/0ffd cGttM s'g} klg 7fp"df s'g}
klg a]nf xltof/ / cft+ssf] e/df o:tf ck/fwL ;d'xx?n] anfTsf/, xTof, n'6kf6 /
cfuhgL u/fpg ;S5g\ . hgtfnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg'kg]{ k|x/L k|zf;g o'4lj/fdsf]
kmfObf p7fP/ /fxt dx;'; ub}{ cf/fd u/]/ a:5 / ck/fwL v]fHglt/ nfUb}g eg]
o:tf 36gfx? cem} a9\b} hfG5g\ . Wofg lbg'kg]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg]
hlthlt a]nf d'n's cxd\ /fli6«o ;jfnx?sf] l5gf]kmfgf] ug]{ lg0ff{os 38Laf6
u'lh|/x]sf] x'G5, ToltTolt a]nf ljleGg vfn] ck/fwLx? a9L ;lqmo eO/x]sf
x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu 5ofln; ;fndf ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5sf] / clxn]sf]
l:yltnfO{ t'ngf u/]/ x]g{ ;lsG5 .
5ofln; ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 tTsflng ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts bnx?sf]
Wofg gof" ;lDawfg agfpg], cfd lgjf{rg ug]{, ljleGg sfo{qmdx? Nofpg] h:tf uxg
s'/fx?df clNem/x]sf] lyof] . To;}a]nf d'n'sdf dlxnfx?dfly anfTsf/sf 36gfx?
t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L g} ePsf lyP h;sflj?4 cfjfh p7fp"bf tTsflng u[xdGqLn] ;'/Iffsf
nflu dlxnfx?n] v';f{gLsf] w'nf] af]s]/ / nfdfnfdf gª kfn]/ lx8\g'kg]{ lgsDdf
;'emfj lbPsf lyP . Tolta]n} Pp6L aflnsfdfly ePsf] anfTsf/sf] 36gfsf] pTsif{n]
dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d'xsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . clxn] km]l/ d'n's kl/jt{gsf] csf]{
k|;j cj:yfdf 5 hxf"af6 d'n'sdf zflGt :yfkgf xf]nf ls eg]/ cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/ / ;a}sf] Wofg o'4lj/fd, jftf{, zflGt :yfkgf h:tf s'/fx?df Psf]xf]l/O/x]sf]
5 . l7s o;}a]nf slknj:t'df dlxnfx?dfly ;fd'lxs anfTsf/ / n'6kf6sf] 36gf
36]sf] 5 . Toxf" dfq x}g, af/fsf] al/of/k'/df klg Ps 5lQ; jlif{of cfdfnfO{ ;fd'lxs
anfTsf/ ul/Psf] 5 / c? w]/} 7fp"df w]/} dlxnfx? klg anfTs[t ePsf 5g\ .
o;n]] s] k'li6 x'G5 eg] ;/sf/, k|zf;g, /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh
cflb ;a}sf] Wofg /fli6«o ;jfnx?df uPsf] / /fhgLlt klg ;+qmd0fsfndf /x]sf]
cj:yfdf cGo ck/fwL lu/f]xx? ;lqmo eO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ o; k|j[ltnfO{ a'em]/ :yflgo
k|zf;gn] ck/fw ePsf 7fp"x?df cfkgf] pkl:ylt b]vfpg ;s]g / ck/fwk|lt ;Dj]bgzLn
x'g ;s]g eg] o:tf ck/fwx?sf] ;+Vof emg\emg\ a9\b} hfg]5 . d'n'ssf] nflu
zflGt / :yfloTj hlt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5, Pshgf JolQmsf nflu p;sf] cl:dtfsf] ;Ddfg
/ ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]06L klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 rfx] Tof] b]zdf zflGt 5fPsf]
a]nf xf];\ jf czflGt . t;y{ anfTsf/ h:tf h3Go ck/fwdf klg k|zf;g, /fhgLlts
bn, dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;d'x, gful/s ;dfh jf ;j{;fwf/0f s;}sf] klg ;Dj]bgzLntf
x/fp"b} hfg' eg]sf] plNnlvt 36gfdf k/]sf lkl8tx?sf] dfq 3fp rx¥ofO{ xf]Og,
of] t eljiodf cfd gful/sn] /fHoaf6 ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt ug]{ gug]{ eGg] k|Zg
klg xf] . oltv]/ a8;8jf / cGo 7fp"df klg anfTs[t x'g k'u]sf ;a} dlxnfx?nfO{
cfjZos ;xof]u lbg' tyf ck/fwLnfO{ ;dft]/ s8f sf/jfxL ug'{ g} clxn]sf]
;+qmd0fsflng kl/l:yltdf c? dlxnfx? anfTs[t x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] pkfo xf] eg]/ ;/sf/
/ k|zf;gn] a'em\g' cToGt cfjZos 5 .
