dlxnfsf] cf];f/k;f/ / a]rljvg d'n'ssf] 5jLnfO{ sn+lst kfg]{ s's[Tosf ?kdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ljBdfg 5 . ;fy} of] c;+Vo dlxnfx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ xgg ug]{ lgs[i6 sfo{ klg xf] . o:tf] sfo{nfO{ /f]syfd ul/g'k5{ eg]/ ljleGg ;+:yf, If]q / txaf6 nuftf/ s'/f p7]kl5 ca of] ulDe/ /fli6«o ;d:ofsf ?kdf g} lnOg yfn]sf] 5 . o;sf] t'ngfdf ljleGg pb]Zon] ul/g] afnaflnsfx?sf] cf];f/k;f/ / a]rljvgsf ;DaGwdf cem w]/} s'/f p7\g z'? ePsf] 5}g . b]xJofkf/sf lglDt x'g] dlxnfx?sf] lsga]rleq aflnsfx?sf] k|;+u klg ;"u;"u} h;f] cfp5 t/ afnsx? ;d]t unt lgotn] cf];f/k;f/ ul/G5g\ eGg] s'/f t xfd|f] ;dfhdf ;f/} yf]/}nfO{ dfq yfxf 5 xf]nf . t/ cg'dflgt tYof+s cg';f/ ljZjdf x/]s jif{ !@ nfv hlt afnaflnsfx? a]rljvg u/L Ps 7fp"af6 csf]{ 7fp"df k'¥ofOG5g\ . -;|f]tM cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g_ . o:tf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ vf;u/L s[lif, vfgL, pBf]u, ;z:q 4Gb, of}g Joj;fo, duGt], ;s{; h:tf hf]lvdk"0f{ If]qx?df sfd nufpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . of] ;d:of lbg k|ltlbg a9\bf] 5 .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] kfl/t u/]sf] afn clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;GwLn] ;+;f/e/Lsf afnaflnsfx?n] lagf s'g} e]befj vf; clwsf/x? pkef]u ug{ kfpg'kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . af"Rg kfpg], k"0f{ ?kdf ljsf; ug{ kfpg], xfgLsf/s k|efj–b'Jo{jxf/ / zf]if0faf6 hf]lug kfpg] / kfl/jfl/s–;f+:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs hLjgdf k"0f{ ;xefuL x'g kfpg] x/]s afnaflnsfsf] dfgj clwsf/ xf] eg]/ pQm dxf;GwLn] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . t/ a]rljvgdf kg]{ afnaflnsfsf oL ;a} dfgj clwsf/x? vf]l;Psf x'G5g\ . ;:tf] / k|lt/f]w gug]{ ;lhnf] >ldssf ?kdf afnaflnsfx?sf] a]rlavg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] a]rljvg d'n'sleq} jf d'n'saflx/ b'j}lt/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . u|fld0f If]qx?af6 cj;/sf] vf]hLdf zx/ k:g] ;fdfGo k|j[lQ g} xf] . o;}sf cf8df ljz]iftM sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ sfd lbnfpg] pb]Zon] zx/lt/ NofOG5 . o;/L kl/jf/sf] ;xdltdf jf hfgsf/Llagf b'j} 9+un] afnaflnsfx?sf] a]rljvg x'g ;S5 . obfsbf afnaflnsfnfO{ kmsfO{km'NofO{ csf]{ 7fp"df k'¥ofP/ ha/h:tL sfddf nufpg] cfk/flws sfdx? klg ePsf x'G5g\ .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df x]g]{ xf] eg] slt afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg ePsf] 5 eGg] s'g} tYof+s 5}g / o:tf] tYof+s /fVg ;lhnf] klg 5}g . ;/;/tL x]bf{ lsga]rdf k/]sfeGbf k|ToIf lsga]r ge} zf]if0fd"ns sfddf nufO{Psf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof lgs} 7'nf] 5 . zx/sf w]/} kl/jf/x?df 3/]n' >ldssf ?kdf sfo{/t afnaflnsfx?dWo] w]/}n] sfd ug]{ 7fp"df dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ kfpg ;ls/x]sf x'"b}gg\ . 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ?kdf sfo{/t afnaflnsfx?df cTolws sfdsf] af]em dfq x}g, ufnL, s'6kL6 / of}g b'Jo{jxf/ tyf zf]if0f x'g] u/]sf 36gfx? klg k|z:t 5g\ . To;}u/L sltko afnaflnsfx? xf]6n, sf/vfgf h:tf Joj;flos 7fp"x?df klg cfkm\gf] >d a]Rg afWo agfOPsf 5g\ . s]xL ;docl3 kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/ cg';f/, s]xL afnaflnsfx?nfO{ sfk]{6 pBf]ux?df y'g]/ /fvL sfddf hf]tfOPsf] lyof] . kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs ljleGg sdhf]/L tyf q'l6sf sf/0f ;8sdf cfOk'u]sf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof klg lgs} 7'nf] 5 g]kfndf . ;8sdf kmflnPsf kmf]xf]/x? p7fP/ hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ / ;8sdf g} a;f]af; ug]{ afnaflnsfx? ;b}j of}g / cGo lsl;dsf] b'Jo{jxf/sf] hf]lvddf x'G5g\ .

o;/L 3/df xf];\ jf Joj;flos If]qdf, afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fgf] pd]/df sfd nufpg', w]/} ;do;Dd sfd nufpg', cTolws bjfjk"0f{ l:yltdf sfd nufpg', Hofnf glbg' jf sd Hofnf lbg', pd]/eGbf cToGt w]/} lhDd]jf/L lbg' eg]sf] pgLx?sf] zf]if0f ug'{ xf] . elgG5, ljZjdf c;L s/f]8 jo:s dflg;x? a]/f]huf/ a:g'k/]sf] 5 t/ csf{lt/ kRrL; s/f]8 afnaflnsfx? ljleGg vfnsf sfd ug{ afWo 5g\ . -;|f]tM cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g_ /fHox? afnaflnsfsf] dfgj clwsf/k|lt ;Dj]bgzLn / lhDd]jf/ gePs} sf/0f o:tf] ljifd l:yltsf] ;[hgf x'g k'U5 . h'g d'n'sdf gful/sx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] bfloTj /fHon] lnG5, Toxf" afnaflnsfx?n] a]rljvg x'g / c;dod} sfdsf] zf]if0fdf kg'{kb}{g .

afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvgsf] s'/f ubf{ g]kfnaf6 vf;u/L ef/tdf a]lrg] u/]sf dlxnfx?df gfjflnu aflnsfx? klg pNn]vlgo ;+Vofdf 5g\ . gfaflnux?nfO{ b]xJofkf/df nufpg gkfOg] sfg"g x'"bfx'"b} klg y'k|} aflnsfx? Toxf" of}g Joj;fodf nufOPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L s]xL afnaflnsfx? ;s{;df sfd u/fpgsf nflu klg ljb]z k'¥ofOPsf 5g\ . pgLx? s:tf] cj:yfdf s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] lj:t[t ljj/0f / :ki6 b[Zo clxn];Dd ;fj{hlgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . b'O lbgcl3 Ps ef/lto 6]lnlehg Rofg]n cfhtsn] lbPsf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ef/lto zx/ d'hkm\km/k'/sf] Ps ;s{; sDkgLaf6 s]xL g]kfnL afnaflnsfx?nfO{ p4f/ ul/Psf] lyof] h;dWo] c7f/ hgfnfO{ :yflgo cbfntn] g]kfn kmsf{pg cfb]z lbO;s]sf] 5 / c7FO; hgfsf] ;DaGwdf d'4f cbfntdf ljrf/flwg /x]sf] 5 .

cGt/f{li6«o txdf x]bf{ a9Lh;f] afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvg blIf0f Plzof, blIf0f–k"j{ Plzof, clk|msf / k"lj{ o"/f]kdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;n] klg hxf"sf] ef}lts cfly{s ljsf; tyf ;/sf/L k|ltj4tf sdhf]/ 5, Toxf" ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g g;s]sf] / cfkm\gf gful/sx?sf] Go"gtd dfgj clwsf/x?sf] klg ;'/Iff ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . vfg, nfpg, k9\g, n]Vg, v]Ng kfpg] h:tf afn clwsf/x?sf] pkef]u /fHon] ;'lglZrt ug{ g;s]sf 7fp"sf afnaflnsfx? g} a]rlavgsf] a9L hf]lvddf k/]sf x'G5g\ . s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ o:tf clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug'{ k|To]s cleefjs / kl/jf/sf] bfloTj xf] . sbflrt\ kl/jf/ / cleefjs of] bfloTj k'/f ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf 5g\ eg] /fHon] of] cleef/f axg ug'{kg]{ xf] . t/ g]kfnh:tf d'n'sx?df Jojxfl/s ?kdf /fHo olt w]/} lhDd]jf/ x'g ;s]sf] kfOb}g oBlk ;}4flGts txdf o:tf k|ltj4tfx?nfO{ /fHon] l:jsf/]sf] x'G5 .

afnaflnsfx?sf] a]rljvg x'gdf pgLx?sf] kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs / /fHosf] cj:yf hlt lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5, l56f] ;dodf cl;ldt cfly{s nfe rfxg] unt dfgljo ;f]r o;df emg\ a9L lhDd]jf/ 5 . cfkm\gf] gLlh kmfObf / :jfy{sf nflu s;}n] klg afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvgdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg x'g' 7'nf] ck/fw xf] . zlQmzfnL / alnof dflg;x?n] zlQmlxg / sdhf]/x?nfO{ a]rljvg u/]/ dhf n'6\g jf hLjgsf] ;'v ef]Ug rfxg' k'/} cdfgljo ;f]r / sfd xf] . dfgljo ;Eotfsf] pkxf; xf] . To;}n] o; sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ s]xL /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx?n] ljleGg kxnsbdLx? ub{} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

o;} qmddf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfOPncf]_ n] ut jif{b]lv !@ h"gsf lbgnfO{ afn>d lj?4 ljZj lbj;sf ?kdf dgfp"b} cfPsf] 5 . o; jif{ of] lbj;nfO{ afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvg;DaGwL ljifoj:t'df s]Gb|Lt ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;+u7gsf] afn>d pGd"ng;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmd cfOk]sn] afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvgnfO{ /f]Sg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d'xx?nfO{ ;3fpg] sfd u5{ . o; ljifodf cWoog cg';Gwfg, a]rljvgaf6 lkl8tx?sf] p4f/, lkmlt{ / clwsf/sf] axfnL tyf ck/fwLnfO{ sf/jfxL cflb ultljlwx?df o; ;+u7gn] ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . tf~hflgof, Pn ;fNef8f]/ / g]kfndf cfOk]s dfkm{t afn>d, afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg / b]xJofkf/df afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cj:yfnfO{ cGTo ug{ lglZrt ;dosf] sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?n] afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvgnfO{ cGTo ug{ slt k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng ;Snfg\, Tof] yfxf kfpg t sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf jif{x?nfO{ s'g}{k5{ . t/ klg cfzf u/f}+, ljleGg 9+u / txaf6 ul/Psf o:tf k|of;x?n] afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavgh:tf] lgs[i6 cdfgljo sfo{nfO{ sd ug{ s]xL g s]xL of]ubfg ug]{5g\ .