s'/f ;fgf] xf]nf t/ o;n] lbg] kL8f / cfTd;Ddfgdf k'¥ofpg] 7]; c;fWo} 7'nf] 5 . cf7 bz hgf dflg;x? xftdf sfuhft af]s]/ cUnf] em\ofnlt/ x]b}{ k6sk6s pd]z bfO{ pd]zhL eGb} af]nfO/x]sf x'G5g\ t/ Tolx+leq sf]7fdf eP/ klg pxf" af]Nb} af]Ng'x'Gg . dflg;x? 306f} pleG5g\, af]nfp"5g\, lsg xfd|f] sfuhftx? lnOlbg'x'Gg eg]/ ;f]W5g\ t/ pxf" ;'g]sf] g;'Go} ug'{x'G5 . To;f] t pxf" af]Nb} gaf]Ng] xf]Og, af]Ng'x'G5 t/ To:tf dflg;x?;+u dfq h;n] ljz]if ;Dks{ / lzkmfl/; lnP/ cfp"5g\ . To:tf ljz]if kx'"rjfnf JolQmn] t Ps}k6s af]nfp"bf klg pxf" ;/Ss em\ofndf b]vf kg'{x'G5, xf";Lxf";L pgLx?sf sfuhft lng'x'G5 / Ps cfwL 306fkl5 /fxbfgL lng af]nfpg'x'G5 . 306f}b]lv s'l//x]sf dflg;x? of] b]v]/ cjfs\ x'G5g\ / km]/L pd]zhLnfO{ cfkmgf sfuhft lnOlbg cg'/f]w u5{g\ t/ pxf" klxn] h;/L g} alx/f] eOlbg'x'G5 / leq st} ufoa x'g'x'G5 .

pxf"sf] o; k|j[ltaf6 cflht eP/ cfTd;Ddfgdf wSsf dx;'; ub}{ Pshgf eb| JolQmn] eGg'eof] æxfdL t af"b/h:tf kf] eof}+ . em\ofnaflx/af6 6'n'6'n' leq x]/]/ af]nfp"b} / dfUb} ug'{kg]{ . gful/s eP/ ;a} k|s[of k'/f u/]kl5 clwsf/k'0f{ 9+un] kfpg'kg]{ xf] lg /fxbfgL t .Æ of] b[Zo uPsf] a'wjf/ k//fi6« dGqfnosf] /fxbfgL ljt/0f ug]{ zfvf aflx/ b]lvPsf] xf] . a'ssf] cefjdf clxn] lhNnfaf6 /fxbfgL ljt/0f ug{ 5fl8Psf] 5 / cfjZos k/]sf JolQmx?n] k//fi6« dGqfnoaf6 /fxbfgL lng ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . t/ ckem{6df rflxPsfx?nfO{ oltv]/ /fxbfgL kfpg cToGt sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 .

/fxbfgL lng jf gjLs/0f ug{ hfg]x?sf] gful/stf / k'/fgf] /fxbfgLnfO{ dGqfnon] km]/L k'i6L u/fpg ;DaGwLt lhNnfd} k7fpg] ubf]{ /x]5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?n] b]zsf gful/s eg]/ lbPsf tL k|df0fkqx? k'gM lhNnfdf k'i6L u/fpg k7fpg' Psflt/ cfkm}df crDdnfUbf] k|s[of nfU5 . csf{lt/ o;n] Jofjxfl/s ?kdf ;DalGwt JolQmx?nfO{ lgs} cK7\of/f] kfl//x]sf] 5 lsgsL oltv]/ w]/} lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx? 6]lnkmf]g, km\ofS; h:tf ;~rf/ljxLg ePsf 5g\ / tL k|df0fkqx? k'i6L u/fpg dfq k//fi6«sf] kq af]s]/ JolQm cfkm} lhNnf ;b/d'sfd k'Ug'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o;/L s;}nfO{ xtf/df ljb]z hfg'kg]{ vf; cj:yf 5 eg] o:tf emGem6Lnf k|s[ofx? k'/f u/]/ /fxbfgL xft kfg'{ 7'n} v]n lht];/x x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] /fxbfgL kfpg ef]Ug'k/]sf oL sl7gfOx?sf] af/]df ;+;bdf klg cfjfh p7L;s]sf] 5 .

/fxbfgL k|fKt ug{ ;a} cf}krfl/s k|s[ofx? k'/f ul/;s]kl5 klg ;fdfGo lx;fan] kmd{ a'emfp"bf, b:t'/ ltbf{ / tL ;a} sfuhftx? a'emfp"bf klg ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?n] ;lhn} glnOlbg' Toxf"leqsf] csf]{ 7'nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . clxn] To; dGqfnoaf6 ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sn] ;fdfGo k|s[ofaf6 /fxbfgL kfpg ;DalGwt zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx?;+u cg'go ljgo ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 eg] ljz]if lzkmfl/;;fy uPsfx?sf] sfd km6fkm6 ePsf] 5 . To;f] t sd{rf/Lx?sf] o:tf] k|j[lt k//fi6«df dfq /x]sf] xf]Og . w]/} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df cS;/h;f] sd{rf/Lx?n] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ cgfjZos b'v lbg], gfhfoh kmfObf lng vf]Hg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|zf;g, x'nfs, c:ktfn, dfnkf]t, cbfnt, k'ln; cflb x/]s ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 s'g} klg sfd u/fpg'kbf{ em'nfP/ sfd l9nf] ul/lbg] s'/f ;fdfGo h:t} eO;s]sf] 5 .

sd{rf/L k|zf;g hgtf;+u ;f]emf] ;DaGw /fVg] ;/sf/sf] sfo{sf/L lgsfo xf] . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] r':t / kf/blz{ sfdn] ;/sf/sf] nf]slk|otfnfO{ g} a9fp"5 . To;af6 hgtfn] kfpg] ;xof]u / ;'ljwf emg} cd'No 5 . t/ lj8Dagfjz, xfd|f] d'n'ssf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?af6 ;lhnf];+u ljgf e]befj cfd hgtfsf sfdx? sd} dfq x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . kb, k};f, an h:tf s'g} g s'g} zlQmn] ;DkGg JolQmsf nflu x/]s sfof{noaf6 s:t} ljlw gk'Ug] sfd u/fpg klg ;lhnf] 5 . t/ ;f]emf] dflg;sf lglDt lzkmfl/; n]vfpg]b]lv /fxbfgL agfpg];Dd ;a} 7fp"df sd{rf/Lx?sf] Jojxf/n] cfTdUnfgL / x]kLPsf] cg'ej u/fp"5 . ;/f;/L ul/lbP eg] b'O{ lbgdf x'g] sfd em'nfpg] / csf{sf] b'vsi6 ga'em\g] sd{rf/Lsf sf/0f slDtdf xKtf lbg kv{g'k5{ . t/ b'ef{Uosf] s'/f, w]/}nfO{ ef]ln ef]ln eg]/ b'v lbPsf] sfd laz]if ;Dks{af6 cfpg] yf]/} JolQmsf nflu t'?Gt ;Dej x'G5 .

sd{rf/LtGq leqsf] o:tf] dgf]j[lQ / csd{0otfn] ax';+Vos hgtfn] cgfjZos b'v / emd]nf ef]lu/xg' k/]sf] 5 . t/ o;sf] lj/f]wdf bjfj lbg ;Sg] ;d'xsf ?kdf /x]sf gful/s ;dfh / hgk|ltlglwx?sf] tkm{af6 lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7\g g;s]sf] dx;'; x'G5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf klg cfkmgf jfWotf / c;lhnfx? xf]nfg\, t/ klg cfd hgtfsf sfdx? k|s[of k'u]kl5 ;/f;/L ul/lbP/ pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ sd{rf/Lsf] k]zfut / g}lts st{Jo xf] . tna sd eP/ 3/vr{ rnfpg ufxf/f] kbf{sf] IftLk"tL{ ;fdfGo hgtfsf] sfd ul/lb"bf cfly{s nfe lnP/ p7fpg vf]Hg' k6Ss} Gofof]lrt x'g ;Sb}g .

sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkmg} st{Joleqsf] sfd klg ;/f;/L gul/lbP/ hgtfnfO{ b'v lbg'sf kl5 b'Oj6f sf/0f dfq x'g ;S5g\ . klxnf] sfo{bIftfsf] sdLn] ubf{ r':t eP/ sfd gu/L kl5 ef]ln eg]/ em'nfOlbg' . bf];|f] sfd l9nf] x'g] qf; b]vfO{ l56f] ul/lbg] nfn;f b]vfP/ gfhfoh /sdsf] ck]Iff ug'{ . o;} k|;+udf dfnkf]t, s/, eG;f/ h:tf s]xL ;/sf/L sfof{nox? gfhfoh cfly{s kmfObf lng] sfof{nosf ?kdf gfdL eO;s]sf 5g\ . of] tYo To:tf sfof{nox?df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] hLjg:t/nfO{ cGo sd{rf/Lx?sf] :t/;+u bf"Hbf klg k|i6 x'G5 .

hgtfsf] sfd OdfGbf/Lk'j{s gul/lbP/ / unt sfdnfO{ j}wflgs agfpg ;xof]u ul/lbP/ To:tf sd{rf/Lx?n] cjfl~5t 9+un] cfkmgf] cfly{s x}l;otnfO{ klg p"rf] kf/]sf x'G5g\ . ;dfh h;/L eP klg alnof] cfly{s x}l;ot ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfg lbg ;w} cft'/ b]lvG5 . To:tf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfGtl/s sf/jfxL klg c;fWo} sd dfqfdf dfq ePsf] ;'lgG5 . k|zf;gnfO{ r':t / OdfGbf/ agfpg'kg]{ /fhgLlts g]t[Tj cfkm} efua08f / kmfObfsf] df}sfs]f tfsdf a;]sf] x'G5 . st}af6 klg cj/f]w jf cf}+nf 78fpg] 8/ gePkl5 To:tf sd{rf/Lx? v'n]cfd To:tf] sfd ug{ k|f]T;flxt eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L h;n] unt sfd u5{ p;}n] ;fdflhs x}l;ot / dfGotf kfpg] kl/kf6L ePkl5 OdfGbf/ sd{rf/Ln] cfkmgf] rl/qdf uj{ ug]{ xf]Og ls lxgtfaf]w ug'{kg]{ cj:yfsf] ;[hgf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs b08lxgtfsf] o:tf] rngn] cfkmgf] rl/qdf b[9 sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ afx]s c? w]/}nfO{ ;lhn} sdhf]/ agfpg] u5{ .

sd{rf/LtGq leqsf] cfd hgtfnfO{ cgfjZos b'v lbg] / gfhfoh kmfObf lng vf]Hg] o:tf] k|j[lt;+u zfob sf]xL klg ckl/lrt 5}gg\ . htftt} JofKt eO;s]sfn] x]bf{ ;fdfGo nfUg] t/ ax';+Vos hgtfnfO{ 7'nf] kL/dsf{df kfl//x]sf o:tf k|j[ltx?sf] af/]df s'/f ;'lgg] ;d'xaf6 nuftf/ ?kdf cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/L sfof{nosf csd{0o sd{rf/Lx?sf] x]kfxf / pk]Iffk"0f{ Jojxf/af6 cfTd;Ddfgdf rf]6 nfUg glbg clnstf hfg]a'em]sf / kx'"r ePsf dflg;x?n] ;DaGwLt 7fp"df hfg'cl3 g} Toxf" ;lhnf];+u sfd u/fpg ;lsg] ;Dks{;'q vf]h]/ hfg] u5{g\ . t/ o:tf] ;d'x lgs} ;fgf] 5 / o;n] To;/L laz]if 9+un] sfd u/fp"bf km]/L klg hgtfsf] 7'nf] ;d'x pk]lIft g} eO/x]sf] x'G5 .