æ === hgcfGbf]ng, @)$^ kl5 g} cfw'lgs cy{sf] gf/L clwsf/ cfGbf]ng yflnPsf] xf] . o;}n] gf/L cfGbf]ngn] 5'g / p7fpg kg]{ y'k|} ljifo cem} cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] gf/L d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] k|fyldstf lbg g;s]sf] o:t} Pp6f kIf of}g Jojxf/ xf] . of}g Jojxf/df ;dfgtf :yflkt ug{ g;s'Gh]n gf/L d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] ;xL cy{ e]6\6fpg ;Qm}g .Æ Pshgf jl/i7 k'¿if kqsf/n] o;/L cfkm\gf] Ps Pp6f n]vdf dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/nfO{ dlxnf d'lQm;"u hf]8]/ x]/L g]kfnL ;dfhsf] lglDt Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf] ljifo p7fPsf 5g\ . pQm n]vdf dlxnfsf of}g clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf jsfnt ul/Psf] 5 eg] dlxnfsf] ;DklQdf clwsf/sf] t'ngfdf n]vsn] dlxnfsf] z/L/dflysf] clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ a9L dxŒj lbPsf 5g\ . t/ oL b'j} s'/f cyf{t dlxnfsf] of}g clwsf/ / ;DklQdf clwsf/aLr /x]sf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ n]vsn] Wofg lbg ;s]sf 5}gg . o; n]vdf dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/ / ;DklQdf clwsf/sf] ;jfn;"u dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ hf]8]/ s]xL s'/f /fVg rfxG5' .

of}g Jojxf/ / dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] ljifodf rrf{ ug'{eGbf klxn] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/sf af/] s]xL eGg' plrt x'G5 . lsgeg] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/sf] a'emfOdf ljleGgtf / cnu–cnu lsl;dsf] JofVof ePsf] kfOG5 . oxf" s]xL JofVofx¿nfO{ pNn]v ub}{5' . of}lgstf eg]sf] JolQmsf] cg'ej / efjgf b'j} xf] . s'g} JolQmn] cfkm\gf] of}g rfxgfnfO{ cfTd;Ddfg;fy cfTd;Gt'i6 9u+n] k"/f ug]{ cj;/ kfp"5 / cfkm\gf] of}g;fyLaf6 cfgGbsf] dx;'; u5{ eg] eg] Tof] g} p;sf] of}lgstf xf] . t/ olb c?sf] cfjZostfsf] nflu sf]xL of}g ;Dks{sf] nflu tof/ x'G5 eg] Tof] p;sf] of}lgstf xf]Og . of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/nfO{ Pscsf{sf] k"/ssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . of}gk|lt /x]sf] k|fs[lts rfxgf / To;sf] ;]/f]˚]/f]df ul/g] lqmofsnfkdf /x]sf leGgtfx¿ g} olQmsf] Jof}g Jojxf/ xf] .

dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/sf] ljifodf s'/f ubf{ dlxnfsf] of}lgstfsf] ljifodf s'/f p7fPg eg] To;n] k"0f{tf kfp"b}g . ;g\ c:;Lsf] bzssf] ;'?b]lv g} cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] dlxnf of}lgstfsf] ljifonfO{ p7fpg yfn]sf] lyof] . t/ clxn];Dd klg cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfsf] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/sf] ljifo 5n˚nsf nflu ck7\of/f] cj:yfdf g} 5 . Psflt/ dlxnfsf] of}lgstfsf w]/} kIfx¿df 5n˚n g} x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] csf{lt/ dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/ dlxnf / k'?ifsf] of}gsfo{;"u hf]l8Psf s'/f ePsf]n] o;df ;dfhn] w]/} 5n˚n ug{ grfx]sf] b]lvG5 . of}g sfo{df g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ cf˚} slt lg0ff{os 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ s'g} 7f]; cfwf/ xfdL;"u 5}g . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] of}g Jojxf/ s:tf] 5 eg]/ To:tf] s'g} a[xt\ cWoog klg ePsf] 5}g . ;fgfltgf¿kdf ul/Psf] cWoogx¿n] s] b]vfp"5g\ eg] ljjflxt dlxnfx¿ of}gsf] ljifodf s'/fsfgL ug{ ;xh 7fGb}gg\ / s]xL s'/f ul/xfn] klg pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] of}g hLjg nf]Ug]sf] OR5fdf g} lge{/ /xg] ljrf/ JoQm u5{g\ . s'g} klg d'n's jf ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] of}g clwsf/ / :jtGqtf p;sf] cfly{s cj:yf;"u k|ToIf hf]l8Psf] s'/f xf] . o; oyfy{nfO{ dlxnf tyf k'?if ;a}n] a'em]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] of}g Jojxf/sf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] To;df dlxnfx¿n] of}g clwsf/ / ;DklQ b'O6fdf Pp6f /f]Hg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . s]xL ;docl3 kf; ePsf] d'n'sL P]g P3f/f} ;+zf]wg;DaGwL ljw]osdf dlxnfn] k}t[s ;DklQdf clwsf/ ljjfx gePsf] cj:yf;Dd dfq pkef]u ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 eg] nf]Ug]sf] ;DklQdf p;sf] clwsf/ nf]Ug];"udfq of}g;DaGw /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|fKt ug{ ;S5] . olb p;n] cfkm\gf] of}g Jojxf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] OR5fd'tflas k|of]u u/]/ s'g} k/k'?if;"u of}g ;Dks{ x'g k'Uof] eg] nf]Ug]sf] ;DklQdf p;sf] xsbfjL ;dfKt x'G5 . d"n¿kdf of] dfGotf lkt[;QfTds k/Dk/fsf] k|ltlaDa xf] . ;dfhdf of}g z'4tf;DaGwL dfkb08 dlxnf / k'?ifsf lgDtL åw rl/qsf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df oxf" dnfO{ Pp6f :jLl8; kqsf/sf] ;Demgf cfof] . pgL PskN6 g]kfndf dlxnfsf] cfly{s clwsf/ / z/L/dflysf] clwsf/sf] ljifodf s]–s:tf sfg'gx¿ 5g\ eGg] ;Gbe{df 5n˚n ug{ xfd|f] sfof{no cfPsL lyOg\, hj pgn] dlxnfsf] cfly{s clwsf/ / z/L/dflysf] clwsf/df sfg'gL bfo/fsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L kfPkl5 ;'g]/ pgn] k|ltlqmof lbPsL lyOg æg]kfnsf dlxnfx¿n] of}g clwsf/ / ;DklQdf clwsf/ b'O6fdf Pp6f /f]Hg' kg]{ /x]5 .Æ of] oyfy{ xf] .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df Pp6f csf]{ ;To s] 5 eg] dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/sf] s'/f ubf{ ljjflxt cj:yfdf /x]sf dlxnfx¿sf] of}lgstfsf] dfq rrf{ x'g] u5{ To;df klg ljz]ifu/L aRrf hGdfpg] s'/fdf p slt lg0ff{os x'g;S5] eGg] ljifo;"u hf]l8P/ w]/} rrf{ x'g]u5{ . o;sf ;fy} nf]Ug]sf cyjf k'?ifsf] of}g Jojxf/sf] ljifodf s'/fx¿ w]/} p7\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/nfO{ p;sf] of}g :jtGqtf;"u hf]8]/ dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] p7fpg ;s]sf] 5}g / p7fpg ;Sg] ;xh cj:yf klg 5}g . sf/0f, dlxnfx¿n] d'n'sL P]g P3f/f+} ;+zf]wg ljw]osdf k}t[s ;DklQdf clwsf/, ue{ktgsf] clwsf/sf] cfjfh p7fp"bf To;a]nf zx/L dlxnfx¿sf] dfu eg]/ k|z:t cfnf]rgf tyf cfIf]k dlxnf ;d"xx¿n] ;'Gg'k/]sf] lyof] . clxn] klg dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ zx/L dlxnfx¿sf] cfGbf]ng eg]/ cfnf]rgf eO{ g} /x]sf] 5 . t/ o:tf cfnf]rgfx¿nfO{ v]Kb} tyf ltgsf lj¿4df k|To'Q/ lb+b}" dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] ;do / jftfj/0fnfO{ x]b{} dlxnfsf] z/L/dflysf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf cfjfh p7fPsf 5g\ .

dlxnfsf] cfkm\gf] z/L/dflysf] clwsf/ p;sf] cfTdlge{/tf / cfly{s x}l;ot;"u uf"l;Psf] x'gfn] lgZro klg cw{lzlIft, cfly{s¿kdf k/lge{/ dWodjuL{o dlxnf tyf u|fdL0f dlxnfx¿ k|hgg clwsf/sf] ;jfndf lg0ff{os x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . t/ k9]n]v]sf cfly{s¿kdf cfTdlge{/ / ;zQm dlxnfx¿ t'ngfTds¿kdf lg0ff{os aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] otf cfP/ dlxnfsf] z/L/dfly p;sf] cfkm\g} clwsf/ x'g'k5{ eg]/ /fv]sf] dfu tL dlxnfx¿sf nflu xf] h;n] cfly{s k/lge{/tfsf sf/0f :jlg0f{o lng ;Sb}gg\ . t/ oxf" klg ljrf/0fLo kIf s] 5 eg] cfGbf]ngsf] Ph]G8f ue{wf/0f, aRrf kfpg] tyf ue{ktgsf] clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df dfq hf]l8Psf] 5 . x'g t kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cfP/ j}jflxs anfTsf/sf] ;Gbe{df klg dlxnfx¿n] s'/f p7fO;s]sf 5g\ h'g ljjflxt k'?ifx¿sf] of}g Jojxf/;"u hf]l8Psf] ljifo xf] .

of}g o:tf] ljifo xf] h;k|ltsf] ;f]rfO, k|j[lQ / Jojxf/df ljZjJofkL Ps¿ktf x'"b}g . To;}n] x/]s ;dfhn] of}g, of}lgstf tyf of}g Jojxf/sf] ;DaGwdf cnu–cnu wf/0ff agfPsf] x'G5 . x/]s ;dfhdf :jtGq tyf ;ª\s'lrt k/Dk/fut ;f]r ePsfx¿ x'G5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfh k/Dk/fut ;ª\s'lrt ;f]rsf] bafjdf g} 5 . oxf"sf] ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿sf] of}g Jojxf/ j}jflxs hLjgleq dfq dfGo / :jLsfo{ x'G5 . dlxnfsf] of}g Jojxf/nfO{ ;dfhn] d"No cfwfl/t agfOlbPsf] 5 . d"No cfwfl/t dfGotfx¿n] dlxnfx¿sf] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/nfO{ s;/L lyr]/ /fv]sf] 5 eg] :jod\ dlxnfx¿nfO{ klg yfxf 5}g pgLx¿sf] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/ s:tf] 5 / Tof] s;/L k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} pgLx¿n] o; ljifodf :ki6 b[li6sf]0f agfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] klg dlxnfx¿ To;nfO{ dfq cfkm\gf] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/ eGg ?rfp"5g h;nfO{ ;dfh jf pgLx¿sf] of}g;fyLn] :jLsf/ ug{ ;S5g\ . To;}u/L j}jflxs hLjgaflx/sf dlxnfx¿ cfkm\gf] of}g hLjgnfO{ b[Zojfg agfpg rfx"b}gg\ lsgls pgLx¿sf] JolQmut ;f]rfO / of}g Jojxf/nfO{ ;dfhn] 5f8fkgsf] gfdn] x]5{ . o;}n] dlxnfx¿ dlxnfsf] of}lgstf / of}g Jojxf/sf] ;DaGwdf af]Ng'eGbf r'k nfUg' g} cfkm\gf] lxt 7fG5g\ .