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r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf emf/f 6fg]{ s'/f gn]vf}+
d~h' yfkf |
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en} r'gfjL rxnkxn / dfxf}n hg:t/df hfUg ;s]sf] 5}g t/ klg
b'O{ dlxgfkl5 k|ltlglw;efsf nflu cfd lgjf{rg ul/g'kg]{ jfWotf ;[hgf eO;s]sf]
5 . To;f] t cfd hgtf dfq x}g, w]/} /fhgLlts bnx? cfkm} klg r'gfjL tof/L /
cEof;x?df cem} klg h'6\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . lgjf{rg cfof]usf] lg0f{olxgtfsf] sf/0fn]
oL k+StL n]Vbf;Dd ljeflht sf+u|]; kf6L{x?sf] klxrfg cem} klg g]tfx?sf] y/;+u
g} hf]l8O/x]sf] 5 . cfkmgf] bnsf] gfd s] xf] / r'gfj lrGx s] xf] eGg] ;d]t
yfxf gkfpbf;Dd bnx?nfO{ r'gfjL d}bfgdf plqg cToGt cGof]n eO/x]sf] 5 .
km'6]sf sf+u|];x?nfO{ clxn] of] g} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] cj/f]w xf]nf . To; afx]s
ufp" ufp"df k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu hfg ;Sg] l:ylt / lxDdt cTolws g]tfx?;+u gePsf
sf/0f klg r'gfjL cEof;df nfUg c;lhnf] eO/x]sf] 5 . s]xL ;dootf dfcf]jfbL ;d'xsf]
Wj+zfTds ultljwL cln lta| ePsf] x'gfn] klg eo / qf;sf] cj:yf a9L g} ;[hgf
ePsf] 5 . o:tf w]/} sf/0fx?sf] k|efj:j?k ;+;bLo /fhgLltdf plqPsf bnx?nfO{
of] r'gfj lgNg' g cf]sNg' eO/x]sf] 5 . t}klg sf+u|];L snx / km'6sf sf/0f
r'gfjdf ax'dt Nofpg ;lsPnf ls eGg] cfTd ljZn]if0fn] ubf{ clxn];Dd g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ dfq cfkmgf r'gfjL tof/Lx?df t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L cu|;/
b]lvPsf] 5 .
t/ clxn];Dd v'n]/ r'gfj cleofgdf nfUg g;s] klg cfp"bf b'O{
dlxgfleq} r'gfjdf efu lng] cGo ;a} bnx?n] klg cfkmgf r'gfjL tof/Lx? k"/f ul/;Sg'
kg]{5 / o;sf] klxnf] r/0fdf 3f]if0ffkq agfpg] sfd g} x'g]5 eg]/ cg'dfg ug{
ufxf/f] kb}{g . o;/L 3f]if0ffkq agfp"bf tL bnx?n] lgZro g} s]xL a'"bf / x/kmx?
dlxnfsf gfddf vlr{g]5g\ . lsgsL ca n}l+us ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf ;DaGwdf
cfkm"nfO{ pbf/ b]vfpg' s'g} klg bnsf] k|hftflGqs rl/qsf] Pp6f ultnf] ;"rs xf]
eGg] tYonfO{ rnfv /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] /fd|};+u a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ljutsf
r'gfjx?df cl3 ;fl/Psf 3f]if0ffkqx?df klg dlxnf xslxtsf To:tf s]xL a'["bfx? ;dfj]z
ul/Gy] eg] cfufdL r'gfjdf klg kSs} To:tf s'/fx? Go"g dfqfdf n]lvg]5g\ .
To;}n] 3f]if0ffkqdf dlxnfsf ;DaGwdf klg s]xL n]lvg' s'g} gof s'/f g} ePg .
t/ d"n s'/f hlxn] klg 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]lvt ;jfnx?df j}rfl/s tyf sfo{qmdut
:ki6tf slt lyof] / pNn]lvt a'"bfx? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt bnn] s] k|of;
u/\of] eGg] g} xf] . o; s;Ldf g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx? k|fozM lkmtnf] g} 7xl/Psf
5g\ . t/ klg 3f]if0ffkq r'gfjdf bnx?nfO{ 5fGg] k|d'v cfwf/ / r'gfjkl5sf] ;/sf/nfO{
dfu{lgb]{zg lbg] d'Vo b:tfj]h ePsf sf/0f To;nfO{ sfuhsf] vf]:6f] eg]/ pk]Iff
ug{ ldNb} ldNb}g . a? bnx?nfO{ cf–cfkmgf 3f]if0ffkqdf n]lvPsf gLlt tyf
sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog u/fpg bjfj lbg' g} a'l4dfgL xf] .
uPsf cfd lgjf{rgx?df ljleGg bnx?n] dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg x}l;ot /
xslxtsf nflu s]xL dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnx? 3f]if0ffkqdf ;d]6]sf lyP . kl5Nnf]k6s
@)%^ ;fndf ;DkGg cfd lgjf{rgdf bnx?n] 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v u/]sf dlxnf ;DaGwL
d'Vo d'Vo ;jfnx? o:tf lyP . dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;f tyf ck/fw /f]syfd ug{
sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{, dfWolds tx;Dd dlxnfnfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
dft[d[To' b/ sd ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, /fhgLlt tyf ;++j}wflgs kbx? tyf ;/sf/L
;]jfdf dlxnfsf nflu lglZrt sf]6f 5'6\ofpg], dlxnfnfO{ cfly{s ?kdf cfTdlge{/
agfpg /f]huf/d"ns lzIff / tfnLdsf] Joj:yf ug]{, dlxnfx?sf] cl:dtfsf] cjx]ngf
x'g] vfnsf lj1fkg, rnlrq, af]nLJojxf/, clZnn t:jL/ cflbsf] k|;f/0fdf /f]s
nufpg], ;DklQdf k'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{, kfl/jfl/s cbfntsf] u7g ug]{,
dlxnf a]rlavg / of}g zf]if0f aGb u/fpg s8f sfg'g agfpg], dlxnfsf nflu ;dfg
sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf l;4fGtnfO{ nfu" u/fpg] h:tf ;jfnx? tTsflng g]kfnL sf+u|];,
g]skf Pdfn], /fk|kf, ;b\efjgf kf6L{, tTsflng /fli6|o hgdf]rf{ Pj+ ;+o'Qm
hgdf]rf{ / g]dlskfsf 3f]if0ffkqx?df pNn]v ul/Psf lyP .
lnlvt ?kdf x]bf{ oL sfo{qmdx?n] w]/} s'/fx? ;d]6\g vf]h]sf
5g\ / olt g} sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sof] eg] klg To;af6 k|fKt pknJwL lgs}
7'nf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] clxn] 3f]if0ffkq agfp"bf klg ;j{yf gof" s'/f g}
cfpg'k5{ / cfp"5g\ eGg] x'"b}g . t/ ljut r'gfjdf dfly pNn]lvt /fhgLlts
bnx?sf] 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnfx?nfO{ dfly p7fpg / ;dfg x}l;ot k|bfg ug{ tof/ u/]sf
;a} gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ s]nfp"bf s]xL k|j[lQut ;dfgtfx? b]lvG5g\ . o:tf
3f]if0ffkqx?n] d"ntM dlxnfdfly e]befj ;[hgf x'g] sfg"gsf] cGt ug{, dlxnflj?4
lx+;f tyf cTofrf/sf] cGTosf nflu s8f sfg"gsf] Joj:yf ug{ / ljleGg If]qdf
dlxnfsf] ;+VofTds u'0ffTds ;xeflutfsf nflu sfg'gL ?kdf g} cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf
ug{ a9L hf]8 lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L sfg'gL Joj:yf4f/f dlxnfnfO{ cl3 a9fpg]
rfxgf ;a} bnx?sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf n's]sf] 5 . lgZro g} dlxnfnfO{ sfg'gL ?kdf ;dfg
agfpg rfxg] o:tf k|fjwfgx? ;}4flGts tj/df dlxnfsf] ;dfg x}l;otnfO{ ;'lglZrt
ug{ / cK7]/f]df k/]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug{ k|efjsf/L pkfox? x'g\
h;nfO{ sd cf"Sg x'"b}g .
t/ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] ljutsf 3f]if0ffkqx?df Pp6f dxTjk"0f{
kIf 5'6fPsf 5g\ / Tof] xf] cfd g]kfnL dlxnfnfO{ dfly p7fpg rflxg] tTsflng
ljz]if sfo{qmd . r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkq s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnsf] ;}4flGts
dfGotfnfO{ JofVof ug]{ u/L agfOg] b:tfj]h xf]Og . of] t bnsf] ;du| gLlt;+u}
tTsflng j:t'l:ylt / cfjZostf cg';f/ tTsflng ?kdf ug'{kg]{ tyf ug{ ;lsg]
sfo{qmdx?sf] km]xl/:t klg xf] . t;y{ dlxnfsf lglDt ljleGg bnn] ;}4flGts ?kdf
s] ;f]R5g\ eGg] s'/f dfq gn]v]/ 3f]if0ffkqdf tTsflng ?kdf ul/g'kg]{
sfo{qmdx?sf] ;':ki6 vfsf x'g'kb{5 . t/ g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] 7'nf] lx:;fnfO{
clxn] s] s:tf ;d:ofx?n] a9L lk/f]n]sf] 5 / To;sf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu cfkmgf]
bnn] s] s:tf ljz]if sfo{qmdx? Nofpg rfxG5 eGg] s'/f /fhgLlts bnx?sf]
3f]if0ffkqdf n]Vg] ul/Psf] 5}g . ciki6 / uf]nd6f]n efiffdf dlxnfsf nflu /f]huf/Lsf]
Joj:yf ug]{, lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg], dft[ d[To'b/ 36fpg] h:tf s'/fx? pNn]v ul/P
klg o:tf ;jfnx?df k|i6 sfo{qmdx? clxn];Dd s'g} klg bnsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf
;d]l6Psf] 5}g .
t/ /fhgLlts bnx? ;fRrL g} dlxnfsf] lk5l8Psf] cj:yfk|lt
lrlGtt 5g\ / jf:tjd} cfd dlxnfsf] pGgtL rfxG5g\ eGg] cfufdL r'gfjsf]
3f]if0ffkqdf dlxnfsf] kIfaf6 s]xL ljz]if Kofs]h sfo{qmdx? NofOg'kb{5 .
g]kfnL dlxnfsf] 7'nf] lx:;f clxn] d'Vo ?kdf tLgj6f ;d:ofaf6 a9L lk8Lt eO/x]sf]
5 . hLjgnfO{ rxlsnf] kfg{ clgjfo{ ?kdf rflxg] lzIffsf] cj;/af6 lx+hf]sf]
dlxnf k':tf h;/L al~rt eof], clxn] klg b"u{d If]q tyf cfly{s ?kdf tNnf]
ju{sf cTolws aflnsf tyf lszf]/Lx? ljBfno hfg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o;n] ef]lnsf]
k':tf klg cGwsf/k"0f{ hLjg lhpg jfWo x'g'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvb}5 .
bf];|f], w]/} dlxnfx?sf] clxn]sf] kL8f nuftf/ >d u/]sf]
u/\o} ubf{ klg pgLx? cfly{s ?kdf k6Ss} ;Ifd x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cfly{s ?kdf
cg'Tkfbs sfddf hf]ltO/xg'kg]{ / /f]huf/Ld"ns sfdaf6 al~rt x'g'kg]{ cj:yf
pgLx?nfO{ sdhf]/ kfg]{ csf]{ 7'nf] ;d:of xf] . lzIff / cfly{s cfTdlge{/tfsf]
cefjn] ubf{ ljleGg :jf:Yo ;d:ofn] u|:t eP/ af"Rg'kg]{ pgLx?sf] t];|f] 7'nf]
kL8f xf] . oL ltg} ;d:ofx? Ps csf{;+u csf6\o ?kdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ / Pp6f ;d:of
dfq lg/fs/0f x'"bf klg To;sf] /fd|f] c;/ csf]{ kIfdf kl//x]sf] x'G5 .
To;}n] g]kfnL dlxnfx?nfO{ ;}4flGts ;dfgtfsf] x}l;ot lbg]
arga4tf;+u} /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfkmgf 3f]if0ffkqdf vf;u/L pk/f]Qm tLg ;d:ofnfO{
;dfwfg ug{ ljz]if sfo{qmdx? :ki6 ?kdf Nofpg h?/L 5 . sDtLdf olt jif{;Dd oL
If]qx?df cfkmgf] bnn] ug]{ sfo{qmdx? o:tf x'g]5g\ eg]/ 3f]if0ffkqdf n]Vg
;Sg'kb{5 . dlxnfx?sf] 7'nf] ;d'xnfO{ ;d]6\g] / pgLx?df hLjgd'vL r]tgf
km}nfpg] u/L ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdx? cl3 ;fl/g' cfjZos 5 eg] pgLx?nfO{ cfly{s
?kn] ;Ifd agfpg] vfnsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? klg ;+u;+u} NofOg'kb{5 . dlxnfsf] ;du|
:jf:Yo l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ aflnsf cj:yfb]lv g} dlxnf :jf::YonfO{ c;/ kfl//x]sf
;d:ofx?nfO{ /f]Sg ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] vf"rf] kb{5 . To;}n] cfufdL r'gfjsf]
3f]if0ffkqdf /fhgLlts bnx?n] dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg x}l;ot lbG5f}+ eg]/ nfdf] ;do
nfUg] 7'nf 7'nf l;4fGtsf emf/f 6fg]{ s'/fx? dfq gn]vL tNnf] tx;Ddsf
dlxnfx?sf] b}lgs hLjgnfO{ k|efljt kfl//x]sf oL tLg k|d'v ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{ ljz]if sfo{qmdx? Nofpg}k5{ .
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