clxn] d'n'ssf] hl6n /fhgLlts cj:yf / l56f]l56f] kl/jt{g eO/x]sf 36\gfj|mdx?df gful/s ;dfhn] bzf{Psf] lzlyn e'ldsfn] To; ;dfhsf] sdhf]/ x}l;otnfO{ :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] hg cfGbf]ngtfsf d'n'sdf gful/s ;dfh lgs} ;lj|mo lyof] . To;a]nf gful/s ;dfhsf] cfsf/ klg clxn]sf] h:tf] 7'nf] lyPg . t/ sd ;+Vofdf eP klg d'n'sdf ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yf Nofpg] sfddf ;+3if{/t /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ o; ;d"xn] lgs} k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;3fPsf] lyof] . To;a]nf gful/s ;dfhsf] rl/q af]s]sf ;+:yf / ;d'xx? lyP t/ of] zAb rflx" Tolt k|rngdf lyPg . k|hftGqsf] cfudgkl5 d'n'sdf pbo ePsf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] o; zAbnfO{ leqfPsf lyP . zAb ld7f] / cu+ k|efjsf/L dflgPsf]n] of] cu+ lzlIft ;d"x / /fhgLlts g]tfx? b'j}sf] aLrdf klg lgs} rlr{t aGg k'Uof] . cfh lzlIft ;d"xsf n]vg, g]tfx?sf] efif0f tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{j|mdx?df gful/s ;dfhsf cu+x?nfO{ /fhgLlts ;'wf/, ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng tyf ljsf; ultljlwdf cufl8 cfpg ljz]if?kn] cfxjfg ug]{ ul/G5 .

cfh h'g?kn] gful/s ;dfhsf cu+x?nfO{ d'n'ssf lzlIft ;d"x tyf g]tfx?n] cfxjfg ug]{ u5{g, To;n] of] cu+ d'n'ssf] Pp6f lgs} g} OdfgGbf/, ;Ifd, ;lj|mo cu+ xf]nf eGg] s'/fsf] ;+s]t lbG5 . o; cu+n] cfjZos k/]sf] a]nfdf d'n'ssf] lxtdf 7'n7'nf lg0ff{os sfdx? ug{ ;Sg] x}l;ot /fV5 xf]nf eg]/ ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sx?nfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . t/ oyfy{df To;f] xf]Og /x]5 h'g s'/fsf] k'li6 clxn] d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts cGof}ndf gful/s ;dfhsf] lgl:j|motfn] klg b]vfPsf] 5 . d'n'sdf clxn] h:tf] /fhgLlts / ;+j}wflgs ;+s6x? pTkGg ePsf] 5, To; ;d:ofaf6 d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbnfpg gful/s ;dfhn] k|efjsf/L lgsf;sf] af6f] d'n'snfO{ lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] d'n'sdf pTkGg /fhgLlts cl:y/tf Nofpg b'O{ c;Ifd g]tfx? lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf / z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] /fhgLlts dxŒjfsfIff+ / sdhf]/ /fhgLlts rl/q lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] 5 . t/ /fhgLlts v]dfdf /x]sf o:tf JolQmx?nfO{ c+s'z nufpg ;Sg] sfo{df gful/s ;dfhn] ;lj|mo aGg'kg]{ xf] t/ To;f] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . oxf" cfP/ gful/s ;dfhdf /x]sfx?sf] lgZkIftf / OdfGbfl/tfdf klg k|Zg p7fpg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

gfdn] rlr{t eP/ klg /fhgLlts k[i6e"lddf lg;xfo e"ldsf /xg] u/]sf] gful/s ;dfhsf cu+x? eg]sf sf] x'g\ t < oxf" gful/s ;dfhsf] ;}4flGts JofVof, kl/efiff, sfd st{Jo / Oltxf;sf] n]vfhf]vf ul/g] 5}g . x'g t Oltxf;sf kfgfdf gful/s ;dfh cf˚} klg Pp6f ljjfbf:kb cu+ /x]sf] 5 . t/ klg cfhsn o; cu+k|lt a9\b} uPsf] rf;f] / ck]IffnfO{ b]Vbf o;n] d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts lxtdf s] ug{ ;S5 / s] ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g < x]/f}+ . cfh g]kfndf k|fl1s ;d"x, ;~rf/ hut\, k]zfut ;+u7gx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, pBf]u Joj;foL ;+u7gx?, >dLs ;+u7g tyf s'g} lglZrt pb]Zo /fv]/ ;+ul7t x'g] ;a} ;d"x tyf ;+u7gx? gful/s ;dfhdf kb{5g\ . jt{dfg /fhgLlts cj:yfdf gful/s ;dfhdWo] klg clxn] a9L ;lj|mo /x]sf] cu+ eg]sf] ;~rf/ hut dfq b]lvPsf] 5 h;n] clxn]sf] hl6n /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt l;h{gf u/fpg] /fhgLlts g]tfx?sf] unt dg;fosf] lj/f]w ul//x]sf] 5 . ;~rf/ hut clxn]sf] /fhgLlts cj:yfsf] lgsf; vf]Hg h'g?kn] d'vl/t x'g] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5, To;sf] t'ngfdf gful/s ;dfhsf cGo cu+x? Psbd} lgl:j|mo eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] oltsf 7'n7'nf /fhgLlts uNtL ul//x]sf] b]v]/ klg gful/s ;dfhleq lbUuh sxlnPsf a'l4hLjLx?af6 s'g} ;fd"lxs jStJo ;d]t cfO/x]sf] 5}g . pgLx?n] s8f k|ltlj|mof klg hgfPsf 5}gg\ . o:tf] lsg eO/x]sf] 5 t < st} xfd|f] d'n'ssf] gful/s ;dfhsf] rl/qdf s'g} To:tf] ljz]if vf]6 kf] 5 ls <

@)$^ ;fnsf] k|hftGqkl5 d'n'sdf gful/s ;dfhsf cu+x? h'g ?kdf a9]/ uPsf 5g\, ltgLx?n] d'n'ssf] ljsf; sfo{df ;/sf/nfO{ lgs} ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/ tyf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ljsf; sfo{df ;lj|mo x'gsf] nflu h'g;'s} If]qaf6 cfxjfg ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 . d'n'ssf] ljsf; sfo{df dfq geP/ rln/x]sf] u[xo'4nfO{ /f]Sg / zflGt jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfpg klg gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;/sf/ kIf / dfcf]jfbLx? b'j} v]dfaf6 cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . o; sfddf gful/s ;dfhn] cf˚\gf] e"ldsf / :yfgnfO{ /fd|f] klg agfPsf] 5 . t/ clxn] b]lvPsf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] a]nf /fhgLlts bnx?n] gful/s ;dfhnfO{ cufl8 cfpg k6Ss} cfJxfg u/]sf 5}gg\ . o;n] s] k|Zg p7fp"5 eg] ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yfleq gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf / cfjZostf ljsf;] sfd ug]{ s'/fdf dfq l;ldt /flvg' kg]{ xf] < s] oxL s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf klg gful/s ;dfhn] /fhgLlts laifodf a9L rnv]n ug]{ k|of; gu/]sf] xf] t <

k|hftGqdf gful/s ;dfhsf] sb/ x'g' /fd|f] s'/f xf] . ;fy} ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng kfpg' klg lgs} /fd|f] s'/f xf] . t/ d'n'sdf /fhgLlts ;+s6 cfPsf] a]nf s]xL ug{ g;s]/ /fhgLlts bnsf] cg'xf/ tfs]/ dfq a:g' kg]{ cj:yf ;fX} sl7g / lk8fbfoL s'/f xf] . ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf /fhgLlts bnx? g} d'n'ssf] /fhgLltdf lg0ff{os zlQm x'G5g\ . of] /fd|f] s'/f eP/ klg /fhgLlts bn tyf g]tfx?sf] c;Ifdtf / :jfy{n] d'n'ssf gful/sx?n] b'v kfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . csf]{lt/ gful/s ;dfh klg ;fgf ;fgf ;d"xx?sf] ;xof]uL ;+u7g x'g] u/]sfn] ;a}sf] :jfy{ d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts lxtsf] lglDt Ps} vfnsf] gx'g klg ;S5 . gful/s ;dfhx? klg cf–cf˚gf Joj;flos / af}l4s rnv]n ug]{ ;fgfltgf :jfy{ lnP/ ;+ul7t ePsf x'G5g\ . To;}n] pgLx?sf] ;lj|motf klg l;ldt If]qsf] jl/kl/dfq s]lGb|t eP/ /x]sf] x'G5 .

;;{lt{ x]bf{ s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] gful/s ;dfhsf] ?kdf sfo{/t w]/} sd ;d'xx? dfq /fli6«o:t/sf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ cufl8 cfpg] u5{g\ . hlt cfpg sf]lzz u5{g, ltgLx? klg ;fgfltgf s'/fsf] kl/aGbdf o;/L ?dlng k'U5g\ ls ;+ul7t ?kdf sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg ;Sb}gg\ . ˚]l/ gful/s ;dfhsf cu+x? cf–cf˚\g} vfn] :jfy{n] hlGdPsfn] af}l4s JolQmTjx?n] s'g} cfbz{ jf s'g} ljrf/sf lglDt gful/s ;dfhnfO{ cfxjfg u/] eg] klg Tof] cfxjfgsf] pb]Zo pQm gful/s ;dfh;"u d]n vfG5 jf vfb}g, To;n] klg c;/ kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] clxn] rrf{df /x]sf gful/s ;dfh ul/jL lgjf/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, dfgjclwsf/ k|lt:yfkgf, n}lu+s ;dfgtf / lk5l8Psf ;d"bfosf] pTyfg;Ddsf] sfdsf nflu dfq ;lj|mo /xg' afx]s /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbg] sfddf 7f]; sfd ug{ ;s5g\ h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .

oxf"g]/ a'l4hLjL 8f=b]j]Gb|/fh kf08]n] Psk6s -@% ˚fNu'g @)%&_ o;} b}lgsdf gful/s ;dfhsf] laifodf n]Vg' ePsf] s'/fnfO{ pNn]v ug'{ ;fGble{s b]v]sL 5' . pxf"n] n]Vg'ePsf] lyof], ægful/s ;dfhn] ;w} cfbz{ ;dfhs} kl/sNkgf u5{ eGg] klg s]xL 5}g . u5{ eg] ;a}sf] cfbz{ klg Pp6} x'"b}g . g]kfnsf t:s/x? jf c? lsl;dsf cfly{s ck/fwLx?sf] klg Ps–cfk;df uf"l;Psf kl/jf/x?sf] ;dfh g} xf], gful/s ;dfhsf] cu+ . ltgnfO{ s] eGg] < ltgnfO{ ck/fwL eg'" eg] emg\ ;d:of 5 . ltg} JolQmx? ˚]l/ htftt} pkl:yt eP/ ;Ddflgt ;+:yf, ;df/f]x / kj{x?df dxŒjk"0f{ ;dfh;]jLsf] e"ldsf klg lgefO/x]s} x'G5g\ . To;dfly klg ˚]l/ ltg} JolQmx?n] d'n'sdf d'Vo snfsf/, ;flxTosf/, a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fOlbO/x]sf x'G5g\ . cfbz{sf] lx;fan] x]bf{ ;f"lRrs} ufx|f] 5 eGg, s'g xf] gful/s ;dfh <Æ

8f= kf08]sf] o; egfO{af6 s] klg cy{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 eg] gful/s ;dfhn] ;w} cfbz{ ;dfh, k|hftflGqs ;+:sf/ / lgM:jfy{ lsl;dn] /fli6«o lxtsf] lglDt dfq sfd u5{ eg]/ kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsb}"g . d'n'ssf] /fli6«o lxtsf] ;DaGwdf klg ;a}sf cf–cf˚gf kl/efiff / b[li6sf]0fx? x'g ;S5g\ . k~rfotsfndf klg gful/s ;dfhsf cu+x?df w]/} a'l4hLjLx? lyP h;n] k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] jsfnt uy]{ . o;/L gful/s ;dfhn] d'n'sleq g} z+sf:kb rl/q b]vfPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf o; cu+n] k|hftflGqs Joj:yfleq pTkGg ePsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;'Nemfpg s'g dfkb08df /x]/ dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;S5 eg]/ z+sf ug]{ 7fp"x? klg 5g\ . t/ o;f] eg]/ gful/s ;dfhn] /fhgLlts If]qdf lgefpg ;Sg] e"ldsfnfO{ kfvf nufpg x'"b}g .