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/fwfs[i0f d}gfnL Pp6f k|j[lQsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{g\
c~h' If]qL
ut / o; ;ftfsf ultljlwx?n] ;+;bLo /fhgLlts bnx? hgclwsf/sf
lglDt ca ;8s cfGbf]ngdf k'/} plqO{;s]sf] ;flat ul/;s]sf 5g\ . lj:tf/} ;+;bjfbL
;r]t gful/sx? klg ;8s cfGbf]ngdf pqg] dgl:yltdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . elgG5 afnx7
tyf :qLx7eGbf /fhx6 emg} s8f x'G5 h;af6 d'St x'g emg} uf¥xf] x'G5 . h'g clxn]
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf klg b]vf k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] /fhf, dgf]lgt ;/sf/ / /fhfsf ;Nnfxsf/x?
hg cfGbf]ngsf] uh{gnfO{ g;'g]sf] h:tf] lsl;dn] clego ub}{5g\ . pgLx?sf] of]
clego slt~h]n rNg] xf] ;+;bjfbL ;r]t gful/sn] x]l//x]sf 5g\ . cj:yfsf] ;xL
d"Nof+sg gu/L j]jf:tf u/]/ g} ;d:of ;'lNemb} hfG5 eg]/ o:tf] clego ug'{n]
l:ylt c? lau|g] / ;dosf] jjf{bL dfq x'g] lglZrt 5 . oBlk jt{dfg zf;ssf alx/f
sfgx?nfO{ ;'gfpg cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx? ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy cl3 cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
hg clwsf/ l˚tf{ Nofpg ;+;bjfbLx? b/af/;"u k|ToIf d'7e]8sf] ug]{ dgl:yltdf
k'uL;s]sf b]lvG5 . t]x| / rf}w ut] af]nfpg] eg]sf] ;+;bsf] a}7snfO{ To;}sf]
;'?jft klg x'g;S5 . t/ b'vsf] s'/f, cfGbf]ngsf] cf}lrTonfO{ lg/y{s agfpg]
hdsf]{ ul//x]sf ;Qmfl;gx?sf] k|of;df x};] ug]{ s]xL cj;/jfbL k|a[lQx?
cfGbf]ngsf/L v]dfleq}af6 klg b]lvO/x]sf 5g\ . o; l;nl;nfdf kl5Nnf] gd"gf
/fwfs[i0f k|a[lQsf ?kdf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .
5ofln; ;fndf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngs} sf/0f lt;aif]{
k|ltufdL Joj:yf 9n]sf] cg'ej ;"ufn]sf bnx?n] oltv]/ km]/L To; ;+o'Qm zlQmsf]
dxTjnfO{ a'em]sf b]lvG5g h'g s'/f pgLx?n] uPsf af¥x jif{;Dd lal;{P / pGgt
g]kfn agfpg] Pp6f /fd|f] cj;/ / pNn]vgLo ;dofjlw u'dfP . oBlk km]l/ clxn] /fhgLlts
bnx?sf cf"vf v'n]sf 5g\ / hgtfsf clwsf/ kmsf{p"5f}+ eg]/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;8sdf
pln{Psf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf] a9\bf] ult / k|efj;"u leqleq} kSs} klg xfnsf ;Qmfl;gx?
/ b/afl/of zlQmx? ql;t ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] g]tfx?sf] egfO{x?nfO{ au+ofpg] sfd
ul/x]sf 5g\ . g]tfx?n] /fhfsf] ;Gbe{df tLgj6f s'/fdfq u/]sf 5g\ . /fhf lg/+s'z
x'g'x'Gg, lg/s'+z /fhfnfO{ :jLsfb}{gf} / @)$^ ;fnsf] pknlAwnfO{ s'Nrg lbGgf}"
. t/ b/af/jfbL ;d"x /fhg}lts bnx? /fhfsf] lj¿4df plqPsf 5g\ eGg] vfnsf
arsfgf s'/f u/]/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ef8\g] k|of;df ul//x]sf 5g\ . h'g cfGbf]ngsf]
lj/f]wdf k|rfl/t k|;fl/t lemgfdl;gf jQmJox?n] o; tYonfO{ k'li6 u5{g\ .
cfGbf]ngsf] ljkIfdf /x]sfx?n] o:tf] lj/f]wnfO{ ;r]t gful/sx? :jfefljs ¿kdf
g} lnG5g\ . t/ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmleq}af6 cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx?sf] lj?4df cfjfh
p7\g / sfdx? x'g yfNg' ;ts{ x'g'kg]{ ulDe/ s'/f xf] .
g]kfnL sf+u]|;leq cfGbf]ng lj/f]wL egfO{ JoQm u/]sf]df tf/fgfy
/fgfef6, z}nhf cfrfo{nfO{ sf/jfxL ug'{k5{ eg]/ lemgf] lj/f]w eO/x]s} a]nf
Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo g]tf /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLn] kf6L{ lg0f{osf] cj1f u/]/ emg\ 7'nf]
s/fdt b]vfPsf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx?n] jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL / dGqLx?n] efu
lnPsf ;a} sfo{qmdx? alxisf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . Tolt dfq x}g, lhNnf
lhNnfdf ;d]t tL kbflwsf/Lx?sf] pkl:yltnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ bnx?sf] sfo{qmd 5
. o; cGtu{t clxn];Dd w]/} lhNnfx?df plgx?nfO{ alxisf/ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f k|d'v cu'jf xf] . t/ To;} bnsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;d]t /x]sf /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLn] ut laxLaf/ cyf{t h]7 * ut] d~r
g]kfn gfds b/jf/jfbL ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps sfo{qmddf pkl:yt eP/ bnsf]
lg0f{onfO{ l;w} cj1f u/]sf 5g\ .
ko{6g dGqL s'j]/ zdf{ pkl:yt /x]sf] To; kqsf/ cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmddf hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cWoIf clds z]/rg klg k'u]sf lyP . t/ kl5 dGqLsf]
klg pkl:ylt ePsf] yfxf ePkl5 pgn] ;f] sfo{qmd alxisf/ u/L lx+8] . g]skf
Pdfn]sf /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL eg] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL dfq ePgg\, a? ax'blno Joj:yfsf]
eGbf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf /x]sf] efif0f ;d]t u/]sf] s'/f
kqklqsfx?df k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . s'g} a]nfsf 3f3 sDo'lgi6 d}gfnLsf] /fhgLlts
bz{gdf cfPsf] of] cfd"n kl/jt{g jf:tjd} ljZn]if0fof]Uo 5 . /fhtGqk|lt olt
w]/} cf:yfjfg\ eP/ b]vf kg'{df d}gfnLsf] ;Qmfsf] glhs k'Ug] :jfy{n] e'ldsf
v]n]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . s'g} a]nf lg/+s'z k~rfot Joj:yfsf lj?4 lqmofzLn eP afkt
nfdf] ;do h]ng]n ef]u]sf /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLdf clxn] jf:tjd} /fhtGqk|lt g}
e/f];fk"0f{ /fhgLlts lgisif{ hGd]sf] xf] eg] t o;sf] ;lj:tf/ JofVof ug'{k¥of]
. cfkm\gf] bnleq To; ljifodf 5nkmn / ax; rnfpg ;Sg'k¥of] . gq cfkm\gf]
bn;lxt kfr ;+;bjfbLbnx?n] cl3 ;f/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdnfO{ kfng ug{ g;Sg]
o:tf g]tfx?nfO{ s8f sf/afxL ;DalGwt kf6L{af6 x'g'k5{ .
x'g t g]skf Pdfn]leq /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLsf] :yfg clxn] w]/}
vl:sPsf] 5 . j}rfl/s :ki6tf, g]t[Tj Ifdtf, nf]slk|otf, ;d"xdf ks8 h:tf w]/}
sf/0fx?n] bnleq g]tfx?sf] :yfg lgwf{/0f x'g] u5{ . s'g} klg g]tfsf] :yfg ;w}e/L
Pp6} txdf /lx/xg ;Sb}g . t/ bnleq cfkm\gf] ar{:j dha"t x'g ;s]g jf cfkm'n]
plrt dxTj kfOg eGg] sf/0fn] g} cfGbf]ngnfO{ t]h ug{ bnn] agfPsf] sfo{qmdsf]
lj/f]w ug'{ a'l4dQfk"0f{ sfd xf]Og . of] t gLlh :jfy{sf] t'nfdf 36a9 x'"bf
kf]lvg] cfqmf]z dfq xf] . /fwfs[[i0f d}gfnLsf] To; sfo{qmddf /x]sf] pkl:ylt
klg To:t} cfqmf]zdfq xf] h;n] cfGbf]ngsf lj/f]wLx?nfO{ xf}l;g] df}sf k|bfg
u¥of] . To:t} xf}:ofO{df cfP/ sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ljjfbf:kb dGqL s'j]/ k|;fb
zdf{n] /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ b]z} 5f8\g] r'gf}tL klg lbP . ;/sf/sf
k|ltlglwx? pkl:yt sfo{qmdnfO{ alxisf/ ug]{ g]tfx? c;Da}wflgs ;/sf/ ePsf]
b]zdf g} ga;] klg x'g] arsfgf ts{ pgn] cl3 ;f/] .
/fwfs[i0f d}gfnLsf] bnleq clxn] h'g x}l;ot / :yfg 5, Tof]
x]bf{ pgsf cfGbf]ng lj/f]wL lqmofsnfkx?n] Pdfn]nfO{ Tolt 7'nf] 3f6f x'g]
b]lvb}g . o; cy{df t of] k|;+usf] rr{f g} gu/] klg x'g] xf] . t/ of]
lqmofsnfk vf; a]nfdf cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?leq}af6 b]lvg] k|j[lQ ePsf x'gfn]
o;sf] rrf{ ug'{k/]sf] xf] . :d/0fLo /xf];\, 5ofln; ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngtfsf klg
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ljlkg sf]O/fnf / lzj axfb'/ kf08]n] vf; ;dodf cfGbf]nglj/f]wL
jQmJo lbP/ o:t} rl/q k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . clxn] /fwfs[i0f d}gfnL k'/}
cfGbf]ngsf] lj/f]wdf gb]lvP klg cfGbf]ngsf vf; sfo{qmdx? cl:jsf/ ug]{ / /fhtGqsf]
dxTjnfO{ :yflkt ug{ b'O{ sbd cl3 g} a9]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ev{/ ev{/ ult lng
nfu]sf] ;+;bLo bnx?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ g]tfx?sf] o:tf] b}w rl/qn] sdhf]/ agfpg]
e'ldsf v]N5 . cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf g} geP tfklg g]tfx? ;Qmfdf k'Ug] nfnrn] b/af/sf]
glhs k'Ug nfda4 x'g] k/Dk/f g} 5 . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ljutdf d}gfnL kf/fsf]
k|a[lQx?df cGo w]/} gfdx?nfO{ oxf" hf]8\g ;lsG5 . s]z/h+u /fodfemL, k/z'gf/fo0f
rf}w/L, s'j]/ zdf{ sdn rf}nfufO" tyf b]aL cf]emf cflb To;sf pbfx/0fx? x'g .
/fhgLltdf g]tfx?df b]lvg] o:tf rl/q / k|a[lQx?nfO{ /fhgLlts
kf6L{x?af6 klg s]xLxb;Dd ;+/lIft x'g]u5{ To;}n] klg o:tf k|a[lQ ePsf
g]tfx?nfO{ kf6L{af6 t'/Gt sf/jfxL x'"b}g . s] o;sf] sf/0f bnleq w]/}
g]tfx?df o:tf] k|a[lQlt/ pGd"v x'g] k/Dk/fdf cf˚" klg s'g} lbg kl/G5 eGg] ;f]rfO
/x]sf] t x'"b}g < To;}n] bnsf] gLlt / sfo{qmdnfO{ v'n]cfd cj1f ug]{ o:tf
g]tf / k|j[lQx?nfO{ k|hftGqsf kIfdf /x]sf ;r]t sfo{stf{ / gful/sx?n] ;hfo
lbg'k5{ . hg clwsf/sf] kIfdf cfGbf]ngsf] ult / t]h a9\b} hf"bf s'g} klg bndf
cem} w]/} /fwfs[i0f k|a[lQx? b]vf kg{ ;S5g\ o:tfnfO{ k|a[lQx?sf] b'lg{otnfO{
k/f:t ug{ /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh / ;r]t gful/sx? ;fy;fy} lx8\gk5{ .
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