5ofln; ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f :ki6 pknJwL eg]sf] g]kfn clw/fHosf]
;+ljwfg @)$& g} xf] h;df ax'blno k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{
k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;+ljwfgsf] bfo/fnfO{ ldRg] sfd /fhfaf6 eof] eg]/
cfjfh p7fpg] bnx?n] To;/L g} ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf k|lts"n /x]sf] csf]{ Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf ;DaGwdf eg] clxn];Dd s]xL klg cfjfh lgsfn]sf 5}gg\ .
@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu * wf/f %! pkwf/f $ s df cfkm\gf]
kbdf axfn /x]sf ;efd'v / pk–;efd'v k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu x'g] lgjf{rgsf]
pDd]bjf/L bflvn ug]{ lbg;Dd cfkm\gf] kbdf sfod /xg]5g\ eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
. ;fy} ;f]xL efusf] wf/f %# pkwf/f $ df /fhfn] k|ltlglw;ef lj36g ubf{ 5
dlxgfleq gof" k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu lgjf{rg x'g] ldlt ;d]t tf]Sg] s'/f n]lvPsf]
5 . o;n] axfnjfnf ;efd'v pk;efd'v b'j}sf] kb :jtM Tolx+ 5 dlxgf;Dd dfq sfod
/xg] b]vfp"5 .
;+ljwfg cg';f/ vf]tNb} hfg] xf] eg] clxn] d'n'ssf] cj:yf
w]/} km]l/O;s]sf] 5 / w]/} s'/fx? ;+ljwfg ljk/Lt eO{/x]sf 5g\ . ca t jt{dfg
cj:yfaf6 d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbg] s'g} klg pkfo u}/ ;+j}wflgs g} x'g]5g\ . ;+;b
k"g:yf{kgf u/]/ lgsf; vf]Hg' ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ k|bQ Gofokflnsfsf] lg0f{onfO{
pN6fpg] sfd x'g]5 . clxn] /fhgLlts bnx?n] dfu u/] h;/L ;j{blno ;/sf/ -jf cGt/Ld
;/sf/_ agfpg] / r'gfj u/fpg] s'/f klg ;+ljwfg ljk/Lts} s'/f xf] h;df ;+j}wflgs
elgg] /fhfn] g} sfo{sfl/0fL e"ldsf -h'g ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ xf]Og_ v]n]/ To:tf]
;/sf/ agfpg]5g\ . /fhfaf6 c;+j}wflgs sbd rflnof] eg]/ lj/f]w ug]{ bnx?n] xfn
cl3 ;f/]sf pkfox? klg c;+j}wflgs g} 5g\ h;nfO{ d'n'sdf lgsf; lbg] Jojxf/Ls
pkfosf ?kdf JofVof ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
o; l:yltdf ;+ljwfgsf] dgzfo ljk/Lt k|ltlglw;ef lj36g x'g]
tfsfsf ;efd'v÷pk ;efd'v clxn];Dd klg kbdf axfn} /xL/xg' slt ;+j}wflgs / plrt
s'/f xf] eg]/ k|Zg p7fPsf] Toltljlw ;'lgPsf] 5}g . l9nf]df r'gfj 5 dlxgfleq
x'G5 eGg] cfwf/df pDd]bjf/L bflvnf ug]{ lbg;Dd axfnjfnf x'g] elgPsf ;efd'v÷pk
;efd'v r'gfjsf] ldlt clglZrt ePsf] ;dodf klg kbdf /xL/xg' slt hfoh s'/f x'g
;S5 < pgLx? o;/L kbdf a;L/x"bf d'n'snfO{ ;d:ofaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg s'g} of]ubfg
k'u]sf] eP t l7s} 5 y'k|} c;+j}wflgs sfdx? eO{/x]sf] 7fp"df /fd|} pb]Zosf
nflu csf]{ Pp6f c;+j}wflgs sfd eP/ s] ef] t eGg] ts{ cfp"Yof] xf]nf . t/
d'n's tyf hgtfsf nflu s'g} klg cy{df ;xof]uL l;4 geO{/x]sf] / s'g} klg vf;
pQ/bfloTj axg gu/L/x]sf] cj:yfdf oL kbx?df ;DalGwt JolQmx? a;L/xg' jf:tjd}
l7s s'/f xf]Og .
Pp6f k|wfgdGqL tf]lsPsf] ldltdf r'gfj u/fpg ;lSbg eg]sf sf/0f
/fhfaf6 c;Ifdsf] tSdf kfP/ kbRo"t ul/P . /fhfn] sfo{sfl/0fL ;Qf ;Dxfn]kl5
klg 5 dlxgf laTg} nfu]sf] 5 t/ r'gfj x'g] s'g} 5]s5Gb 5}g . of] cj:yf
slxn];Dd tlGs/xg] xf], s]xL yfxf 5}g . b]zsf] /fhgLlts k|0ffnL 8fdf8f]n 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf clglZrt r'gfjsf] pDd]bjf/L bflvnf ug]{ lbg eg]sf] slxn] x'G5 /
slxn];Dd ;efd'v÷pk ;efd'vn] k'/fgf] kb wf/0f ul//xg], To; jfkt ;'ljwf lnO/xg]
/ /fHon] pgLx?sf lglDt ;'ljwf vGofO/xg] < o; k|Zgsf] pQ/ vf]hL ug'{kg]{
xf]Og / < pgLx? lagfsfd / lagf cy{ kbdf al;/x"bf JolQmut ?kdf s]xL cfly{s
ef}lts ;'ljwf / kbLo dfg ldn]sf] xf]nf, To; afx]s o;n] t s]jn c;+j}wflgs
sfdx?sf] nx/df csf]{ Pp6f uNtL dfq yk]sf] 5 . kbLo gftfn] ;ef ;df/f]xdf hfg,
pb\3f6g ug{ jf k|df0fkq / k'/:sf/ af"8\g dfq pgLx?sf nflu /fHosf] ;fwg;|f]t
vr{ ug'{ slt hfoh s'/f x'g ;S5 < To;f] t pb\3f6g ug]{ jf ;df/f]xdf cltyL ag]/
hfg] JolQmx?sf] t clxn] s'g} sdL g} 5}g . Pp6f uLtsf] Sof;]6 ladf]rg ug{ t 5
5 hgf dGqLx? hfg ;S5g\, ;do lbG5g\ / e/] /ftL /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf Tolx+ s'/f
7'nf] ;dfrf/ eP/ cfp"5 eg] To:t} sfd ug{ ;efd'v÷pk ;efd'vnfO{ cnUu} tna ;'ljwf
lbP/ /fVg' kb}{g . o;/L ;+ljwfgsf] dd{ / /fHosf] ;fwg;|f]tsf] vr{;+u klg
hf]l8Psf] o; ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] Wofg k'Ug g;Sg' cln cfZro{s} ljifo xf]
.
/fhfn] k|ltufdL / c;+j}wflgs sfd u/] eg]/ cfjfh p7fpg]
bnx?df jt{dfg ;efd'v / pk ;efd'v cfj4 bnx? klg 5g\ . pk ;efd'vsf] bnsf g]tf
t emg\ ltg} JolQm 5g\ h;n] b/af/sf] uf]6L ag]/ klxn] lagfsf/0f ;+;b lj36g
u/L d'n'snfO{ ;d:o} ;d:ofsf] rf}af6f]df cnkq kfl/lbP / kl5 cfkm" klg uf]6Ls}
d"Nodf a]OHoltk"j{s kbd'Qm u/fO{P . tL bnx?n] klg slDtdf /fhfn] c;+j}wflgs
sfd u/] eg]/ lj/f]w ubf{ cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;r]ttf b]vfO{ r'gfjsf] ltlyldlt
clglZrt eO{;s]kl5 ;efd'v÷pk;efd'v kbaf6 cfkm\gf sfo{stf{nfO{ x6\g nufPsf] eP
To;n] pgLx?s} g}lts w/ftnnfO{ bl/nf] agfpg] lyof] / zfob s]xL xb;Dd b/af/nfO{
bjfj klg kg{ hfGYof] .
clxn] k|ltlglw;ef cl:tTjdf 5}g, :yflgo lgsfodf hgk|ltlglwx?
5}gg\ . :yflgo txb]lv sfo{sfl/0fL;Dd hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL JolQmx?sf] ;j{yf cefj
eO{/x]sf] ;dodf hgtfaf6 r'lgP/ cfPsf JolQmx? ;efd'v÷pk ;efd'v kbdf x'g' g/fd|f]
x}g t eGg] ts{ klg o; ;Gbe{df p7\g ;S5 . Ps cy{df of] ts{ hfoh klg nfUg ;S5
t/ k|Zg g} ;+j}wflgs c;+j}wflgs sbdsf] pl7;s]kl5 x/]s s'/fnfO{ To;} s;Ldf
hf"Rg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;t\rfln; ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ To;sf]
dgzfo clxn]sf] h:tf] cGof]n / clglZrttfsf] cj:yfdf clglZrt sfn;Dd g} ;efd'v÷pk
;efd'v kbdf axfn /xL/xg'k5{ eGg] xf] ls xf]Og, o; ljifodf Jofks ax; x'g'
cfjZos 5 . To;f] t gfd dfqsf], clwsf/ lagfsf] / zlQm lagfsf] kbdf hgtfsf
k|ltlglw x'g' dfq klg s'g} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf]Og .
To;}n] tL kbx?df /x]sf JolQmn] cfkm}n] klg ;+;b lj36g ePsf]
5 dlxgfleq} pQm kb 5f8]sf eP cyf{t To; kbsf] cfwf/df st} pkl:yt x'g / ;'ljwfx?
lng cl:jsf/ u/]sf eP of] pgLx?sf] cToGt a'l4dQf lg0f{o x'g] lyof] . To;f]
geP kl5 ;DalGwt bnx?n] klg pgLx?nfO{ To;f] ug{ nufpg'kYof]{ / ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
pgLx?sf] kbfjlw ;lsPsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{kYof]{ . o;/L cfkm' g}lts, OdfGbf/ / ;+ljwfg;Ddt
eP/ sfd u/]kl5 dfq c?dfly k|Zg p7fpg] clwsf/ klg a9L x'G5 . b'ef{Uosf] s'/f,
o; ;Gbe{nfO{ t s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnx?n] ulDe/tfk"j{s lnPsf] kfOPg . o;
k|;+unfO dxTjk"0f{ g7fg]/ xf] jf cfkm\gf] :jfy{;+u k|ToIf hf]l8Psf] gb]v]/
xf], /fhgLlts bnx?n] o; ljifonfO{ p7fO/x]sf 5}gg\ . t/ of] Tolt ;fgf] ljifo
xf]Og h;sf ;DaGwdf r'krfk /x]/ /fHosf] ;fwg;|f]tsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] / ;+ljwfgsf]
dhfs p8fPsf] x]bf{ x'G5 . To;}n] 5ofln; ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf pknJwLx?nfO{
hf]ufpg lg0ff{os n"8fO n8\g] 3]fif0ff u/]sf /fhgLlts bnx?, sfg'gljb\x?, ;+ljwfgsf
JofVofsf/x? ;a}n] o; ljifonfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s lng'k5{, lglZrt lgisif{
lgsfNg'k5{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog u/fpg'k5{ .
