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slxn];Dd /fhgLlts k|0ffnLsf] :j?ksf nflu nl8/xg] <
c~h' If]qL
cfh d'n's h'g cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5, To;sf] d"n sf/0f ag]sf] 5
d'n'sdf /fhgLlts k|0ffnLsf] 5gf}6df nfdf] ;dob]lv rNb} cfPsf] 4G4 . o; s'/fsf]
;TotfnfO{ cf+sng ug{ d'n'ssf] kl5Nnf] /fhgLlts cWofonfO{ kms]{/ x]g{ h?/L 5
h;sf] z'?jft\ @))& ;fnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngaf6 k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . cyf{t
ha /fhf / g]kfnL sf+u|]; ldn]/ hxf"lgof /f0ff zf;gnfO{ kmfNg] ;xsfo{sf]
z'?jft eof] . To;j]nf g]kfnL sf+u|]; tyf cGo bnx?n] /fhfnfO{ ;fy lnP/
hxf"lgof /f0ff zf;gnfO{ kmfNbf Pp6} Wo]o /fv]sf] lyP g]kfndf ;+;lbo Joj:yf /
;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] :yfkgf . t/ h'g pb]Zon] To;a]nfsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] /fhfnfO{
;fy lnP/ k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf lyP, cfh krf; jif{ k'Ubf klg g]kfnsf /fhgLlts
bnx? / g]kfnsf] /fhtGq ToxL Pp6f :yfoL ;+j}wflgs /fhgLlts k|0ffnLsf nflu
n8\g' kl//x]sf] l:ylt cem} klg ljBdfg g} 5 . o:tf] cj:yf ;w}+ g} lsg lg/Gt/
/lx/x\of] eGg] kIfdf o; d'n'ssf /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx? tyf ljz]if1x?n] af}l4s
:t/af6 Jofks 5nkmn ug{' clxn] klg Tolt g} ;fGble{s 7x5{ . sf/0f d'n'sdf Pp6f
:yfoL /fhgLlts k|0ffnL :yflkt ug{ cem} w]/} ;do o; d'n'sn] lklN;O/xg'kg]{
oyfy{nfO{ s;}n] klg gsfg{ ;Qm}g . /fhgLlts If]qsf lj1 tyf ljZn]ifsx?n]
ljZn]if0f ug{'[kg]{ o; ljifonfO{ d'n'ssf] Ps gful/ssf] x}l;otn] ;;{lt{ cWoog
ubf{ b]vf k/]sf] Pp6f d"Nof¡g / larf/ dfq xf] of] .
@))& ;fndf hxf"lgof lg/+s'z /f0ff zf;gnfO{ kmof"s]/ d'n'sdf
k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ePsf] zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] /fhgLlts
bnx?sf] cfsf+IffnfO{ g]kfnsf] /fhtGqn] slxn] klg ;fy lbPg . :juL{o /fhf
lqe"jgn] k|hftGq cfPkl5 cfkm\gf] hLjgsfnel/ tTsflng /fhgLlts bnx? tyf
g]tfx?nfO{ la/fnfn] d';f v]nfPh;/L v]nfO/x] . pgsf] :juf{/f]x0fkl5 /fhf
dx]Gb|n] klg s]xL ;do t /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ cndNofP / cGtdf k|ltlglw ;efsf]
r'gfj u/fP/ cToGt 5f]6f] ;dosf nflu ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ?kdf a:g] sf]lzz u/]
. t/ /fHo;Qf pkef]u ug]{ lta| dxTjfsf+Iffsf] sf/0f pgn] ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{
k|ltalGwt u/L d'n'sdf Ps blno lg/s'+z /fhtGqsf] k"g{axfnL u/] / k~rfolt
Joj:yf eGg] gfd lbP . To;kZrft\ t pgn] cfkm\gf] hLjge/L lg/s+'z zf;g g} sfod
/fv] .
pgsf] :juf{/f]x0fkl5 :juL{o /fhf la/]Gb|n] !* jif{;Dd Ps
blno lg/s'+z /fhtGqsf] cfwf/df zf;g u/] . t/ @)$^ ;fn;Dd lgs} alnof]
alg;s]sf /fhgLlts bnx?n] d'n'sdf hgcfGbf]ng u/]/ PskN6 k'gM g]kfnsf] lg/s'+z
/fhtGqnfO{ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf lyP . t/ g]kfnsf] /fhtGq
cem} klg k"0f{?kdf ;+j}wflgs eP/ a:g] kIfdf dfgl;s?kdf tof/ eO;s]sf] lyPg .
aflx/L?kdf ;+j}wflgs k|0ffnLdf a:g :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP klg leqL?kdf cem} klg /fhgLlts
;Qf k|ToIf pkef]u ug]{ k|of;df /fhtGq ;lqmo /x]sf] tYonfO{ af}l4s ;d"x tyf /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tfx?n] klg a'lem/x]sf lyP . t/ klg g]tfx?sf] JolQmut dxTjfsf+Iff / cb'/blz{kgn]
;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ljkl/t aGb} uPsf] /fli6o kl/l:yltnfO{ b]Vg ;s]g / af´x
jif{ 3;|L3;|L rn]/ g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq ut !* c;f]hb]lv ;lqmo /fhtGqdf
kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . clxn] ;lqmo ag]sf] /fhtGqnfO{ k'gM ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqdf
k'´ofpg /fhgLlts bnx?n] csf]{ ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfO{;s]sf] 5 .
ca csf]{ k|ZgnfO{ ulxl/P/ x]/f}+ ls olt nfdf] ;do lalt;Sbf
klg d'n'sn] /fhgLlts k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTj lsg kfpg ;s]g xf]nf t < o;sf
k5fl8sf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f k|d"v /fhgLlts bnx? g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn]n]
af]s]sf /fhgLlts l;4fGt / cfbz{n] d'n'sdf hgtfsf] ;kgf / cfsf+IffnfO{ ;fsf/
ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf cflTds?kdf ljZjf; g/x]sf]n] pgLx?df g} cfGtl/s?kdf
;}4flGts ljrng cfPsf] x'g;S5 . kmn:j?k ljut af´x jif{df pgLx?n] d'n'ssf]
ljsf;sf nflu Pp6f :ki6 / bL3{sflng /fhgLlts sfo{qmd lbg tyf /fhgLlts ;+:sf/
b]vfpg ;s]gg\ / hyfefjL ?kdf zf;g ;~rfng ul//x] . o;/L Psflt/ cfGtl/s
dxTjfsf+Iff csf]{lt/ /fhgLlts bnx?sf] cb"/blz{tfn] ubf{ /fhf ;+j}wflgs dfq
eP/ a:g rfx]gg\ . oL b'a} wf/sf] aLraf6 csf]{ wf/ ag]/ dfcf]jfbLx? u0ftGqLo
zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ;kgf af]s]/ h+unlt/ nfu] @)%@ ;fndf oBlk pgLx?sf] h+un k:g]
of]hgf / tof/L t 5ofln; ;fnsf] nuQ}kl5 ePsf] x'g'k5{ . h+unleqaf6 pgLx?n]
z'?jft u/]sf] hgo'4 h+un, ufp", zx/ x'"b} clxn] t /fhwfgL g} k|j]z ul/;s]sf]
5 . sf7df8f}+sf ljleGg :yfgx?df ad k8\sbf k8\sb} z;:q k|x/Lsf dxflg/LIfsnfO{
klg pgLx?sf] uf]nLn] lgzfgf agfO ;s]sf] 5 . x'gt oL x/kmx? n]Vbf;Dd dxflg/LIfs
s[i0fdf]xg >]i7sf] xTofsf] lhDd]jf/L ln"b} dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf
s]xL af]n]sf] 5}g .
h] xf];\ clxn] cfd gful/s tyf a'l4lhjLx? /fhf / dfcf]jfbLx?
jf:tjdf s] rflx/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ hfGg rfxG5g\ . xfn d'n'sdf /fhf4f/f ul7t
dGqLd08n cl:tTjdf 5 h'g u7g ubf{ /fhfn] g} :ki6?kdf kf"rj6f sfo{ef/ ;'Dk]sf
lyP . t/ dGqLd08nn] tLdWo] Pp6f sfdnfO{ klg ult lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . hgtfsf
5f]/f5f]/Lx? h;/L cgfy eO/x]sf 5g\, af"Rg kfpg] dflg;sf] clwsf/ h;/L lbg
k|ltlbg l5lgb} uPsf] 5, o;af6 dGqLd08n /fhfn] p;nfO{ lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f
ug{ ;Qm}g eGg] :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . /fhfn] o:tf] dGqLd08n u7g u/]/ / To;sf e/df
zf;g rnfP/ d'n'ssf] clxn]sf] xToflx+;f /f]lsb}g . csf]{lt/ /fhf cfkm}n] klg
;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf /x]sf] elg/x]sf cj:yfdf pgn] g} dfcf]jfbLx? s]
zt{df jftf{ rfxG5g\ eg]/ ;f]w] klg x'G5 sf/0f dfcf]jfbLx?n] /fhfnfO{ d'Vo
r'gf}tL alg/x]sf] u0ftGqsf] dfunfO{ slDtdf clxn]nfO{ yftL /fv]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L cGo /fhg}lts bnx? ljz]if u/L g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]skf
Pdfn], g]kfnL sf+u|]; k|hftfGqLsn] ca cfkm\gf :ki6 Ph]08f aflx/ Nofpg' k´of]
. cf–cfkm\gf ;'ljwf cg';f/sf tLgj6f bnsf cnucnu tLgj6f dfux?sf] abnfdf Pp6}
;femf dfu /fVg'k´of] . Tof] dfu eg]sf] tTsfn dfcf]jfbL;+u jftf{ u/L Go"gtd ;xdltsf]
a'"bf aGg ;Sg] ;+ljwfg;ef jf ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg x'g'kb{5 . x'gt clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf
b'a} s'/f c;Dej h:tf] nfUg ;S5 . k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s[i0fdf]xg >]i7sf] xTofn]
To; ;DefjgfnfO{ emg} k5fl8 ws]n]sf] 5 tfklg o; ;DefjgfnfO{ h;/L eP klg k5fl8
hfg glbg' g} /fhg}lts bnx?sf] clxn] klg d'Vo k|of; x'g'k5{ . cGoyf clxn]sf]
8]8ns l:yltsf] lgsf; vf]Ng pk/f]Qm /fhgLlts bnsf cGo dfux?df /fhf ;xdt x'g
uf´x} b]lvG5 . ;fy} dfcf]jfbL ;d'x s] s'/fdf jftf{ ug{ ;xdt x'G5g\ < o;sf]
klg v'nf;f x'g h?/L 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yf ca ;xh x'"b} ghfg] xf] eg] d'n'sn]
;w}+ s'g /fhgLlts k|0ffnL cjnDag ug]{ eGg] ljifodf g} ljjfb ul//xg', lklN;/xg'
/ nl8/xg' kg]{5 . clg d'n'ssf] ljsf; ug]{ eGg] ;jfnn] slxn] klg k|fyldstf
kfpg ;Qm}g . To;f] t b]zsf] /fhgLltnfO{ aflx/L zlQmx?n] v]nfpg yfln;s]sf 5g\
eGg] ljifon] klg csf]{ ;d:of k}bf ul/lbPsf] 5 . cj g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{
oxf"sf /fhg}lts bn, /fhf tyf dfcf]jfbLx?n] dfq rfx]/ ;'lNemg]jfnf 5}g / o;df
ef/tsf] s] ?lr 5, cd]l/sfsf] s] ;f]r 5 eGg] s'/fn] klg o; ;d:ofsf] lgSof}{n
u5{ eGg] af}l4s v]dfdf rrf{ rln/x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} cfGtl/s afx\o ;Gbe{x? ;f]emf]
cf"vfn] /fhgLltnfO{ lgofNg]x?sf nflu a'em\g g;Sg] kx]nLx? x'g\ . To;}n] cfd
hgtf / d'n'sk|lt ;+j]bgzLn ;a} ;d'x afx\o zlQmsf] x:tIf]k / :jfy{n]
uf"Hg'cl3 g} jt{dfg cGof}naf6 d'n'snfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg /fhf, ;+;bLo /fhgLlts
bnx? / dfcf]jfbLx?af6 OdfGbf/ k|of;sf] cfzf ul//x]sf 5g\ .
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