g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWoddf lj1tf -PS;k6f{Oh_ eGg] s'/f 5}g, ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? sd 5g\ / ;fwg;|f]tsf] klg sdL 5 . oL sf/0fx?n] ubf{ n}lu+s ;dfgtfh:tf dxÎjk"0f{ ;jfnx? klg ;~rf/dfWoddf lsgf/f nfUb} hfG5g\ / To;nfO{ xfdLn] h;/L p7fpg'kg]{ xf], Tof] ug{;s]sf 5}gf}" .®

xfd|f]df n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ s;/L p7fpg] eGg] s'g} lnlvt gLlt 5}g . To;}n] slt k|ltzt o:tf ;dfrf/x? lbg], s'g–s'g kIfnfO{ Wofg lbP/ ;dfrf/ agfpg] eGg] s'g} of]hgfa4 k|yf xfn;Dd 5}g .®

dnfO{ nfU5, xfd|f] dfq xf]Og g]kfnsf] s'g} klg ;~rf/dfWodn] n}lu+stf / dlxnf;"u hf]l8Psf ljifox?df /fd|f] lrq0f u/]s} 5}g lsgls of] ljifo pgLx?sf] lbdfudf k;]s} 5}g .®

w]/}h;f] ;~rf/dfWodx?n] lbPsf ;fdu|Lx?n] dlxnf ljsf;sf nflu s]xL klg ;xof]u u/]sf 5}gg\, a? lauf/]sf 5g\ . ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnf;DaGwL ljifox?nfO{ k|:t't ug{ h'g e"ldsf v]Ng'kYof]{, Tof] v]Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ .®

tLg–rf/ jif{b]lv s]xL lhDd]jf/ ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?af6 cfkm\gf k|sfzg–k|;f/0fdf dlxnf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ kof{Kt geP klg lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ 9u+n] lbg ;'? eO;s]sf] 5, Toxf"leq n}lu+s r]tgfnfO{ u|x0f ug]{ sfd ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 .®

df]6fdf]6L?kdf x]bf{ g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfnfO{ afwf kg]{ s'/f sd cfPsf 5g\ h:tf] nfU5 . w]]/} dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] u/L cfPsf 5g\, s]xL ckjfbx? g/fd|f klg xf]nfg\ . t/ o; ljifodf lbOPsf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ;+Vof eg] Psbd sd 5, rflxP hlt 5}g .®

dfly lbOPsf egfO / :jLsf/f]lQmx? g]kfnsf 7"N7"nf ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?sf gLlt lgdf0f{ tx / lg0ff{os kbdf sfo{/t JolQmx?sf x'g\ / o;leq 6]lnlehg, /]l8of] tyf kqklqsf 5fKg], rnfpg] ;a} lsl;dsf JolQmx?sf] cfjfh ;d]l6Psf] 5 . ;Ghf]usf] s'/f, oxf" egfO pb\w[t ul/Psf ;a} JolQmx? lnu+sf lx;fan] k'?if g} kg{ uPsf 5g\ .

pk/f]Qm cfTd:jLs[ltx?nfO{ s]nfp"bf eGg ;lsG5, g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|sfzg–k|;f/0f cToGt sd 5, To;sf] ;xL k|:t'lt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g, ca of] k|:t'lt j|mdzM ;sf/fTds x'"b} uO/x]sf] t 5 t/ kof{Kt k6Ss} 5}g eGg] s'/f b]zsf] rf}yf] cu+ ;~rfng ug]{ k|d'v :yfgx?df /x]sf k'?ifx?sf] 7DofOleq klg kl/;s]sf] 5 . o;af6 :ki6 x'G5, oL s'/fx? dlxnf xslxtsf nflu sfo{/t JolQm jf ;+:yfx?n] ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ nufPsf em'6f / ;txL cf/f]kx? dfq xf]Ogg\, a? g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodx?n] dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf lglDt lgjf{x ul//x]sf] e"ldsfdfly k|Zg p7fpg}kg]{ dxÎjk"0f{ kIfx? x'g\ .

;~rf/dfWodn] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ yfNbf Toxf" gLlt agfpg] / g]t[Tj ug]{ JolQmx?sf] e"ldsfnfO{ g} ;a}eGbf klxn] s]nfpg'kg]{ x'G5 lsgls ;~rf/dfWodaf6 k|rfl/t–k|;fl/t ;fdu|Lx? s] x'g], s:tf] x'g], s;/L lbg] eGg] cfwf/e"t k|Zgx?nfO{ k|efljt ug]{ JolQmx? log} g]t[Tjdf /x]sfx? g} x'g\ . To;}n] pgLx?n] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ s;/L lnG5g\ / s] ;f]R5g\ eGg] s'/fn] To; ljifo;DaGwL ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf] pTkfbg / k|sfzg–k|;f/0fdf 7"nf] dxÎj /fV5 .

s] eG5g\ t /fli6o–cGt/f{li6o b:tfj]hx? <

o;/L d"nwf/] g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] ;Gbe{df lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfsf] vf]hlag ubf{ o;nfO{ lgtfGt cnu ljifosf ?kdf p7fpg ;ls+b}g / o;nfO{ cGt/f{li6o :t/df ljsl;t eO/x]sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 klg x]g'{k5{ . o;sf nflu dlxnf / ;~rf/sf ;DaGwdf ;j{:jLs[t s]xL /fli6o / cGt/f{li6o b:tfj]hx?n] s] eg]sf 5g\ eg]/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ plrt x'G5 .

;g\ !((% df rLgsf] /fhwfgL a]Olhu+\df ;DkGg rf}yf] ljZj dlxnf ;Dd]ngn] dlxnf ljsf; / ;dfgtfsf nflu afws alg/x]sf !@ j6f ;/f]sf/sf If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] / tLdWo] b;f}+ gDa/df ‘dlxnf / ;~rf/’nfO{ klg Pp6f d'Vo If]qsf] ?kdf 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . of] b;f}+ gDa/n] ¾;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfsf] kx'"r tyf ;xeflutfdf /x]sf] c;dfgtf x6fpg'kg]{® / ¾;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfsf] ;Gt'lnt tyf u}/k/Dk/fut 5ljsf] j[l4 ul/g'kg]{® a'"bfx?nfO{ d'Vo /0fgLltsf] ?kdf p7fPsf] lyof] . oL s'/fx?nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;/sf/, cGt/f{li6Ço ;+:yf, lghL If]q, ;~rf/dfWod, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lj1fkg Ph]G;L cflbn] ug'{kg]{ y'k|} sfo{of]hgfx? klg ToxL cj;/df agfOPsf lyP . To; ;Dd]ngdf 3f]if0ff / k|:t't ul/Psf o:tf ;a} k|:tfj, gLlt tyf sfo{j|mdx?df g]kfnaf6 Toxf" k'u]sf] ;/sf/L k|ltlglw d08nn] klg lagf ;t{ / ax; cfkm\gf] :jLs[lt hgfP/ kmls{Psf] lyof] . o;/L ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfsf] lrq0f /fd|f] x'g'k5{ / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf lglDt ;~rf/dfWodn] ;sf/fTds tyf lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ eGg] k|:yfkgf cGt/f{li6Ço?kd} :jLs[t dfGotf aGg k'u]sf] lyof] / g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg cfkm"nfO{ To;sf] Pp6f kIfsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .

kl5 To; k|lta4tfnfO{ g]kfnleq sfof{Gjog u/fpgsf lglDt >L % sf] ;/sf/n] @)%$ ;fndf agfPsf] n}lu+s ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f /fli6Ço sfo{of]hgfdf ;~rf/sf ;DaGwdf klg ljleGg sfo{j|mdx?sf] th'{df u/]sf] lyof] . ;~rf/ If]qsf lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfnfO{ @) k|ltzt l;6 5'6\ofpg], ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ n}lu+s ;+j]bgzLntfaf/] tflnd lbg], kqsfl/tf;DaGwL tflndx?sf] n}lu+s b[li6sf]0faf6 k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;+zf]wg ug]{ cflb ultljlwx? To; sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z lyP . t/ a]Olhu+\ ;Dd]ngsf k|lta4tfx? s]–slt sfof{Gjog eP t eg]/ k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ut jif{ dfq cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{df ;DkGg ljz]if clwj]zgdf g]kfndf dlxnf / ;~rf/sf] If]qdf vf;} pNn]vgLo kl/jt{g x'g g;s]sf] tYo ;/sf/L kIfn] klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .

¾;~rf/df dlxnfx?sf] sd ;xeflutf ePsf] sf/0fn] / ;~rf/df cem} k'?ifk|wfgtf xfjL ePsf]n] n}lu+s c;dfgtf sfod} 5® eGb} ¾dlxnfsf ljifonfO{ ;~rf/dfWodn] :yfg lbg] s'/fdf j[l4 ePsf] t/ dlxnfsf jf:tljs ;d:of phfu/ ug{ cg';GwfgfTds x'g g;s]sf]® eGg] ljZn]if0fnfO{ Toxf" cl3 ;fl/Psf] lyof] . ;f/df o:t} lsl;dsf] lgisif{ ;/sf/L tj/af6 dfq ge} u}/;/sf/L :t/af6 Toxf" k'Ug] dlxnfx?n] klg lgsfn]sf] s'/f ljleGg b:tfj]hsf] cWoogaf6 klg v'Nb5 . o;/L 5f]6f]?kdf eGg'kbf{, ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?n] cfjZos :yfg / plrt k|:t'lt kfpg ;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\ / o;n] n}lu+s ;dfgtfk"0f{ ;dfh agfpgdf afwf–Jojwfg v8f ul//fv]sf] 5 eGg] tYonfO{ /fli6Ço / cGt/f{li6Ço b'j} :t/df :jLsfl/Psf] 5 .

cS;/ dlxnf xs–lxtsf nflu sfo{/t JolQm tyf ;+:yfx?n] s]xL jif{b]lv dlxnf / ;~rf/sf] k|;u+nfO{ 3l/3l/ p7fpg], o;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ ljleGg sfo{j|mdx? ug]{, ljleGg ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf] lgu/fgL / pTkfbg ug]{ cflb sfdx? ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . Psflt/ oL s]xL ;fx|} yf]/} JolQm tyf ;+:yfx? n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf nflu ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf ljifox?sf] k|:t'lt slt 5, s:tf] 5, s;/L 5, s:tf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ lg/Gt/ To;df nfu]sf] nfUo} 5g\, t/ csf{lt/ g]kfnsf k|d'v ;~rf/dfWoddf oL ljifox?nfO{ lbOPsf] :yfg, k|:t't ug]{ z}nL / k|j[lQdf klxn]eGbf vf; kl/jt{g ePsf] klg b]lv+b}g . o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] t < st} ;~rf/ ;+:yfdf dflyNnf] txdf /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ of] ljifo Tolt dxÎjk"0f{ gnfu]sf] xf] ls < cyjf o;nfO{ ljifo agfP/ sfd ug]{x?n] cfkm\gf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ pgLx?;Dd k'´ofpg g;s]sf x'g\ ls < o:tf w]/} cfwf/e"t k|Zgx? oxf"g]/ hlGdG5g\ .

o;} ;Gbe{df, >L % sf] ;/sf/ / o'Pg8LkLn] ;+o'Qm?kdf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] n}lu+s ;dtfsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f sfo{j|mdsf /fli6Ço Joj:yfks OGb' kGt eGg'x'G5, ¾clxn]sf] ;~rf/dfWodn] ;dfhdf dlxnfdfly ePsf x/]s lsl;dsf e]befjsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;xL?kdf Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f Toxf" sfd ug]{ JolQmx?df n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] ;jfnnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] x]g]{ x]/fO g} 5}g . csf]{ pgLx?n] s:tf] k|:t'lt lb+bf To;sf] c;/ s] x'G5 eg]/ a'em\g klg ;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\ .® dlxnfsf ;DaGwdf d'Vo ;~rf/ k|j[lQnfO{ s]nfpg] j|mddf >L kGtn] o;f] eGg'ePsf] eP klg kl5Nnf s]xL jif{x?df n}lu+s ;jfnx?nfO{ j|mdzM cln a9L :yfg lbOg yfn]sf] ;sf/fTds k|of;nfO{ klg pxf"n] pNn]v ug{ la;{g'ePg . t/ kGt / pxf"h:tf dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu sfo{/t c? JolQmx?n] nufpg] u/]sf] o:tf] cf/f]ksf ;DaGwdf cf/f]lkt ;d"xdf kg]{ JolQmTjx?sf] ljrf/ / egfOx? laNs'n} km/s–km/s lsl;dsf 5g\ .

;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?sf] /fd|f] / kof{Kt k|:t'lt gx'g'df cflv/ s] sf/0fx? /x]sf 5g\ t < oltv]/ o; k|Zgsf] lgSof}{n x'g' cToGt h?/L 5 . o; k|Zgsf] lg/fs/0flagf ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf x'g] u/L k|of]u ug'{k5{ eGg] rfxgf ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g . o; jf:tljstfnfO{ a'em\g k|d'v ;~rf/dfWodsf k|d'v JolQmx?lt/} kmls{g'kg]{ x'G5 . ;DalGwt ;~rf/ ;+:yfsf] gLlt agfpg;Sg], s'g} klg s'/fdf lg0f{o lng] x}l;ot /fVg] / Toxf"af6 pTkflbt x'g] ;~rf/ ;fdu|LnfO{ ;f]em} k|efljt ug{;Sg] oL JolQmTjx?n] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ljifonfO{ slt uDeL/?kdf lnG5g\ / cfkm\gf] ;+:yfleq / Toxf"af6 lg:sg] ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?df oL ;jfnx?nfO{ s;/L lbg'k5{ eGg] ;f]r /fV5g\ < cflb k|Zgx? pQl/t ge} ;d:ofsf] h/f]df k'Ug / ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;ls+b}g .

¾:ki6 ?kdf eGbf ljifo s]lGb|t eP/ dlxnf;DaGwL ;jfn dfq xf]Og, s'g} klg ;jfn s;/L p7fpg] eGg] xfdLsxf" s'g} gLlt jf lgb]{lzsf 5}g . d"nwf/] kqsfl/tf ug]{ eg]/ nfu]kl5 d"nwf/df h'g–h'g ;jfnx? cfp"5g\ ltgn] g} k|fyldstf kfp"5g\ / ltg} ;jfnx?n] xfd|f ljifox? lgwf{/0f u5{g\ . ;dfhdf ;jfnx?sf] p7fg ug]{, ltgnfO{ cl3 ;fg]{ ljleGg Rofgnx? 5g\ / d"nwf/] kqsfl/tfsf] sfd ltg} ;jfnx?nfO{ s]nfpg' xf] . s'g ;jfnx? slt dxÎjk"0f{ 5g\ eg]/ d}n] lgwf{/0f ulb{g" . To;}n] n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx? klg dxÎjk"0f{ x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ eg]/ d}n] lgwf{/0f ug]{ xf]Og . To; ;jfn;"u hf]l8P/ sxL" s]xL eO/x]sf] 5 eg] Tof] ljifo cfp"5, cGoyf Tof] ljifo 5'6\g ;S5 .® lxdfn kflIfssf ;Dkfbs /fh]Gb| bfxfn d"nwf/] ;~rf/dfWodn] s]–s:tf ljifox?nfO{ k|fyldstf;fy ;d]6\5 eGg] kIfnfO{ :ki6\ofpg] qmddf o;f] eGg'x'G5 .

d"nwf/] k|d'v ;~rf/dfWoddf ;dfrf/sf] ljifo aGgsf nflu ;d;fdlostf / tTsfnLg 36gfx? x'g'kg]{ x'"bf n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx? klg To:t} ;dfrf/ d"No af]s]sf] cj:yfdf dfq} k|fyldstfdf kg{;Sg] ljrf/ g]kfn 6]lnlehg -g]6]le_sf dxfk|aGws b'uf{gfy zdf{ / /]l8of] g]kfnsf ;x sfo{qmd lgb]{zs kf08j ;'g'jf/sf] klg /x]sf] 5 . oxf"g]/ ;~rf/ ;+:yfx? / Toxf"af6 pTkflbt x'g] ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf] :j?kn] klg s] ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] eGg] s'/fsf] lgSof}{n u5{ eGg] tYonfO{ eg] la;{g ldNb}g . To;}n] kqklqsfx?dWo] klg nfdf] cGt/fndf lg:sg] DofuhLg / 7"nf] ;fOhdf lg:sg] b}lgsÖ;fKtflxs klqsfn] ljifo 5gf}6 ug]{ k|lqmofdf s]xL leGgtf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

vf;u/L ;dfrf/nfO{ k|wfgtf lbg] b}lgsÖ;fKtflxs / s]xL kflIfs klqsfn] ;d]t ;dfhdf h] eO/x]sf 5g\, h] 36gf 3l6/x]sf 5g\, ltg}nfO{ cfkm\gf d'Vo ;fdu|L agfp"5g\ . /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgsf klg ;dfrf/d"ns sfo{qmdx?sf] ;Gbe{df oxL+ s'/f nfu" x'G5 . ;dfrf/ 5gf}6sf] o; k/Dk/fut k|j[lQnfO{ k5\ofp"bf ;Dkfbs bfxfnn] eg]h:t} dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?;"u hf]l8P/ s'g} 36gf 36\bf dfq clwsf+z ;~rf/dfWodn] To;nfO{ ;d]6\g' cfkm\gf] bfloTj ;DemG5g\ . oyfy{df of] k|j[lQ k|rlnt efiffdf xf8{ Go'h elgg] ;dfrf/sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ a9L ckgfOG5 . o;/L n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ w]/} sfo{j|md / ultljlwx? ePgg\ eg] To; ljifonfO{ ;dfrf/d"ns k|:t'ltdf w]/} 7fp" lbg ;ls+b}g eGg] ;Dkfbs bfxfn / c?x?sf] egfOn] ;dsfnLg ;~rf/ k|j[lQnfO{ :ki6 kf5{ tfklg xf8{ Go"hdf g} n}lu+s b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug{ ;lsg] s]xL kIfx? klg 5g\ h;sf] af/]df lgs} yf]/} ;~rf/ k|d'vx? dfq ;r]t ePsf b]lvG5g\ .

g]kfn ;dfrf/kqsf ;Dkfbs slkn sfkm\n] cfkm"n] cfkm\gf ;xsdL{ kqsf/x?nfO{ l/kf]l6{u+\ ug{ nufp"bf jf ;dfrf/ agfp"bf ;DalGwt 36gfaf6 dlxnfdfly kg]{ k|efj, dlxnfn] To;df kfg]{ c;/h:tf s'/fx?df klg Wofg lbg nufpg] u/]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . To;}u/L /]l8of] g]kfnsf bfdf]b/ l3ld/]n] s'g} klg ;d;fdlos 5nkmn sfo{j|mdx?df cfkm"x?n] vf]hL–vf]hL dlxnf ;|f]tJolQmnfO{ ;xefuL agfP/ ljj]sk"0f{ tl/sfn] dlxnfsf] ljrf/nfO{ 7fp" lbg] k|of; u/]sf] dfGg'x'G5 . /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf sfo{qmd k|d'v 3d/fh n'O"6]nn] cfû"x?n] Toxf"sf ;dfrf/d"ns sfo{qmd / ;fdlos ljifosf 5nkmnx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ ;f]rLljrf/L ;dfj]z ug]{ u/]sf 5f}" eGg'x'G5 . t/ w]/}h;f] ;~rf/ ;+:yfsf k|d'vx?n] s'g} klg ;dfrf/leq dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;xeflutf, of]ubfg, k|efj / ljrf/h:tf kIfx?nfO{ klg 5'6\ofP/ x]g]{ / pNn]v ug]{ s'/f Tolt dxÎj lbPsf] b]lvPg .

;~rf/dfWodn] n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ p7fpg' eg]sf] dlxnfnfO{ ljifo agfP/ eP–u/]sf 36gfx?sf] ;/f;/L ;dfrf/ lbg' jf dlxnf;DaGwL cnUu} :tDeÖsfo{j|md rnfpg' xf] eGg] lsl;dsf] a'emfO g} w]/} ;~rf/ k|d'vx?;"u /x]sf] tYo pgLx?;"usf] s'/fsfgLdf k|:6 b]lvG5 . t/ s'g} klg ;dfrf/d"ns jf ljrf/d"ns n]vgdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf], cem ;Dej eP;Dd c? klg pTkLl8t ;d"x jf ju{sf] ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f / ;/f]sf/nfO{ klg ljz]if?kdf 7fp" lb+bf tL ;d"xx?sf] cfjfh tyf ;d:of a'em\g / ;dfwfg klxNofpg ;3fp k'U5 eGg] lsl;dsf] s'/fsfgL ;DalGwt JolQmx?af6 ;'Gg kfOPg . o;/L n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ s;/L a'em\g] / ;~rf/ ;fdu|Ldf ;d]6\g] eGg] ljifout / k|lqmofut b'j} kIfdf :ki6tfsf] sdL ;~rf/ dfWodsf] pkNnf] txdf g} /xg' Pp6f k|d'v ;d:of xf] .

h] xf];\, o;/L ;dfhdf s'g} klg ljifodf eP–u/]sf 36gfx?nfO{ :yfg lbg] k|j[lQn] ;~rf/dfWodsf w]/}dWo] Pp6f sfdnfO{ dfq Olu+t u5{ . oxf"g]/ ;~rf/dfWodn] ug'{kg]{ / ug{;Sg] c? sfdx?sf] ;DaGwdf dlxnf tyf ljsf; sfo{stf{ sdnf efl;gsf] Pp6f ljrf/nfO{ ;lDemg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 . pxf"sf zAbdf ¾;~rf/dfWodsf] ;To;"u bf]xf]/f] ;DaGw x'G5 . Psflt/ o;n] ljBdfg ljrf/ / tTsfnLg ;TonfO{ b]vfp"5 eg] csf{lt/ o;n] ;fdflhs ;TonfO{ k|efljt klg u5{ . s] b]vfpg] / s;/L b]vfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] 5gf}6 u/L ck|ToIf?kdf To;sf] JofVof klg u5{ / gof" ;TonfO{ cufl8 ;f5{ .®

ulxl/P/ s]nfp"bf, ;km\6 Go"h elgg] ;dfrf/, lkmr/, ljrf/k|wfg n]v, cGtjf{tf{, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgdf cfjlws?kdf b]vfOg] sfo{j|mdx? cflb dfly elgPh:t} ;fdflhs ;TonfO{ k|efljt ug]{ / gof" ;To :yflkt ug]{ ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx? x'g\ eGg ;lsG5 . vf;u/L g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodx?n] w]/}h;f] o:tf ljwfx?df g} ;fdu|Lx? lbP/ n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ :yfg lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf, s]xL ?kdf dlxnf;"u Ps jf csf]{ 9u+n] hf]l8Psf ljifox?nfO{ p7fpg] ul/Psf] 5 / w]/}h;f] kqklqsfx?n] dlxnf n]vssf nflu jf dlxnf ljifos ;jfn p7fpgsf nflu s'g} :tDe 5'6\ofP/ tyf /]l8of], 6]lnlehgx?n] cfjlws?kdf Pp6f sfo{j|md ;~rfng u/]/ cfkm"n] o; ljifonfO{ dxÎj lbPsf] ;lDemPsf 5g\ .

/]l8of] g]kfnsf] dlxnf sfo{j|md, /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf] zlQm sfo{j|md, g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] hfu[lt sfo{j|mdh:tf ljB'tLo ;~rf/dfWodx?df lbOg] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ p7fpg] lgoldt sfo{j|mdx? x'g\ eg] kqklqsfx?df g]kfn ;dfrf/kqn] xKtfsf] Ps lbg Ps k]h dlxnfÖafnaflnsf;DaGwL ljifosf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] 5 eg] lxdfn kflIfsn] n]vs kfOPdf ‘cfkm\g} dhL{’ :tDe dlxnfx?sf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] s'/f To;sf ;Dkfbs bfxfn atfpg'x'G5 . h] xf];\, o:tf :tDe / sfo{j|mdx? c? w]/} kqklqsf / Pkm\Pd\ /]l8of]df klg ;~rflnt eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} ;~rf/dfWoddf c? lsl;dn] klg dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?k|lt ;sf/fTds hgdt a9fpg] p2]Zon] ;fdu|Lx? lbg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . sflGtk'/ Pkm\Pd\sf :6]zg Dofg]h/ z/b/fh uf}td cfkm\gf] :6]zgdf o; ljifodf cnUu} sfo{qmd geP klg cfkm"n] dlxnf /]l8of] hsLx?nfO{ /h:jnf, ue{jtL ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t ltg} cg'ejx?nfO{ ;uj{ / v';L;fy cfkm\gf] sfo{qmddfkm{t af"8]/ To;k|ltsf e|dx? x6fpg k|]l/t u/]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . /]l8of] g]kfnn] aRrf / o'jfx?nfO{ s]Gb|Lt u/]/ agfPsf sfo{qmdx?df dlxnf kfqnfO{ ;zQm cfbz{ kfqsf ?kdf b]vfpg] u/]sf] pbfx/0f Toxf"sf sfo{qmd tyf Jofkf/ lgb]{zs /fh]Gb| zdf{ lbg'x'G5 .

o; k|;u+df sflGtk'/ b}lgssf ;Dkfbs o'j/fh l3ld/]sf] egfO 5, ¾xfdLn] n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnnufot c? s]xL dxÎjk"0f{ ;jfnx?df ;DkfbsLo c8fg klg lng'k5{ eg]/ ;dembf/L agfPsf 5f}" . oL ljifox?nfO{ xfdL slt;Dd dxÎj lbG5f}" eg] sltko xfd|f ;+jfbbftfx?n] lhNnfx?af6 o:tf ;+j]bgzLn ljifosf ;dfrf/x? k7fpg 5'6fP t/ xfdLn] tL s'/fx? c? klqsfdf k9\of}" eg] klg c? lbg xfdL cfkm\gf] ;DkfbsLodf tL s'/fx?nfO{ cfjfh lbG5f}" . xfdLn] n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] ljifonfO{ Pp6f cnUu} la6sf] ?kdf :jLsf/]sf 5f}" / lglZrt kqsf/nfO{ To;sf nflu nufPsf x'G5f}" . To;}u/L xfdLn] ljrf/ k[i7df dlxnf, afnaflnsf cflbsf] ljifodf n]lvPsf n]vnfO{ ljz]if 7fp" lbP/ 5fKg] ;dembf/Ldf cfwfl/t gLlt agfPsf 5f}" .®

n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ s;n] slt dxÎjsf ;fy :yfg lbg] u/]sf 5g\ t eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/sf] vf]hL ubf{ ;Dkfbs l3ld/] dfq xf]Og, g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf dxfk|aGws b'uf{gfy zdf{, /]l8of] g]kfnsf bfdf]b/ clwsf/L, sflGtk'/ Pkm=Pd=sf :6]zg Dofg]h/ z/b/fh uf}td, /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf sfo{j|md k|d'v 3d/fh n'O"6]n, g]kfn ;dfrf/kqsf ;Dkfbs slkn sfkm\n] ;a}hgfn] cf–cfkm\gf] ;~rf/ dfWodn] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ cToGt dxTj lbP/ ;fdu|Lx? lbg] u/]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . pxf"x? ;a}hgfn] cfkm"x?n] lbPsf ;fdu|Lx? ;u+\VofTds?kdf kof{Kt geP klg cfkm\gf] ;fwg / ;|f]tn] EofP;Dd k|z:t ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 .

s'/fsfgLsf qmddf, cfkm" n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf eP klg ;Dk"0f{?kdf n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df ;r]t 5' / To:tf ljifox?nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd lbPsf] 5' eg]/ bfjL gug]{ Pshgf lxdfn va/klqsfsf ;Dkfbs bfxfn dfq} x'g'x'G5 . h] xf];\, o:tf bfjLx?sf aLrdf lj8Dagfsf] s'/f s] xf] eg] olt w]/} ;~rf/ ;+:yfsf k|d'vx?n] cfkm"n] ;r]t eP/ ‘;Dej eP hlt ;fdu|L lb+bf / k|of; ubf{ klg ;~rf/dfWodx?df o; ljifodf k|z:t ;fdu|Lx? cfpg / cfPsf ;fdu|Lx? klg /fd|f] lsl;dn] k|:t't x'g;s]sf] o; If]qnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s cWoog ug]{x?n] dx;'; ug{ ;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\ .

o;} ljifosf] csf]{ dxÎjk"0f{ kf6f] ;~rf/dfWoddf cfPsf ;fdu|Lx? s:tf 5g\ / ltgn] n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] nIo k|flKtsf nflu slQsf] ;3fPsf 5g\ t < eGg] k|Zg klg xf] . o;sf] hjfkmdf w]/} xb;Dd ;Gtf]ifhgs s'/f km]nf kb}{g tfklg s]xL jif{otf n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;~rf/dfWodsf s]xL k|j[lQx? km]l/Psf 5g\ . df]6fdf]6L?kdf 5'6\ofp"bf clxn] g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWoddf k|efjsf lx;fan] tLg lsl;dsf ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx? b]vf k5{g\ . ;a}eGbf klxnf] ;d"xdf, n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?;"u hf]l8Psf s'g} klg 36gf jf ultljlw eP–u/] eg] To;nfO{ cf}krfl/s ;dfrf/sf] ?kdf lbP/ ;"rgf k|jfx dfq} ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] k|;f/0f ;+:yfaf6 k|;fl/t ;fdu|Lx?n] dlxnf pTyfgsf nflu Tolt 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] geg] klg hfgfhfgL dlxnf xs–lxtsf nflu afws ;fdu|Lx? 5}gg\ / ;DalGwt ljifodf k|z:t ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf 5f}" eGg] /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{qmd tyf Jofkf/ lgb]{zs zdf{sf] egfOnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf klg Toxf"af6 lbOg] w]/} ;fdu|Lx? o;} ;d"xdf k5{g\ eGg ;lsG5 . /]l8of] g]kfn dfq ge} clxn] g]kfnsf k|d'v ;~rf/dfWodn] lbg] u/]sf clwsf+z dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?sf] k|:t'lt o;} ;d"xleq k5{g\ .

bf];|f], ;dfhdf n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;d:ofx?nfO{ a'em\g / ;dfgtfsf ;Gb]zx? km}nfpg] u/L ljj]sk"0f{ 9u+n] tof/ ul/Psf lkmr/, k|f]kmfOn, cGtjf{tf{, n]v, :tEd, cfjlws sfo{qmdh:tf ;fdu|Lx? ;~rf/dfWodx?df b]Vg ;lsG5 . lg0ff{os txdf /x]sf ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] cg'ejdf o:tf ;fdu|Lx? ljut rf/–kf"r jif{ otf t'ngfTds?kdf cln a9L cfO/x]]sf 5g\ . /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf n'O"6]nsf] ljrf/df clxn]sf] g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWod dlxnfd'lQm / ;dfgtfsf] s'/f p7fpg lxlRsrfPsf] 5}g / sDtLdf o; ljifok|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fV5 .

t];|f] lsl;dsf ;fdu|Lx?df dlxnf / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ g} rf]6 k'´ofpg] vfnsf cfklQhgs ;fdu|Lx? 5g\ h'g nfdf] ;dob]lv lagf /f]s6f]s g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodaf6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ . o; s'/fdf lg0ff{os txsf ;~rf/sdL{x? cfkm} klg c;xdt 5}gg\ . ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf nflu afws agfpg] o:t} lsl;dsf ;fdu|Lx? x'g\ h;sf] k|r'/tf g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWoddf klg 5 . ;d:ofsf] h/f] o; ;d"xdf kg]{ ;fdu|Lx?;"u a9L uf"l;Psf] x'gfn] o; ljifodf cln lj:tf/df rrf{ ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

g]6]lesf dxfk|aGws b'uf{gfy zdf{sf] cg'ejdf k|;f/0feGbf 5fkf dfWodn] dlxnfx?nfO{ a9L unt 9u+n] b]vfPsf] 5 . pxf"sf] ljrf/df dlxnf kLl8t ePsf] s'g} 36gf x'g]lalQs} ;dfrf/ lbOxfNg] t/ To;sf] k[i7e"ld klg gx]g]{ / cg'udg ;fdu|L -kmnf]ck :6f]/L_x? klg glbg]h:tf k|:t'ltx? oxf" eO/x]sf 5g\, o;n] dlxnfdfly /fd|f] k|efj kb}{g . ¾dlxnf ljifonfO{ :yfg lbPsf] eg]/ of}g :tDe /flvG5 / emf/f 6fg]{ sfd ul/G5 h'g s'/fn] dlxnf ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ub{}{g® pxf"sf] egfO 5 . sflGtk'/ Pkm\ Pd\ sf :6]zg Dofg]h/ uf}tdn] t cfkm\gf] ;+:yf;lxt g]kfnsf] s'g} klg ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnf ljifodf /fd|f] k|:t'lt lbg g;s]sf] 7f]s'jf g} ug'{x'G5 . k'?ifn] dlxnfnfO{ / dlxnfn] cfkm}nfO{ x]g]{ ;fg}b]lvsf] h'g 5fk 5, Tof] kqsf/ x'"b}df PsfPs sxf" hfG5 / dlxnf ;DaGwdf /fd|f s'/fx? cfpg ;S5g\ < pxf"sf] k|ltk|Zg 5 .

;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfnfO{ k|:t't ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L cfnf]lrt ePsf] csf]{ ljwf lj1fkg klg xf] . o; ;DaGwdf /]l8of] g]kfnsf sfo{qmd lgb]{zs /fh]Gb| zdf{sf] k|ltlj|mof 5, ¾6]lnlehg / 5fkfdf cfpg] lj1fkgx? dlxnfsf nflu a9L afws 5g\h:tf] nfU5 . d]/f] JolQmut JofVofdf t d s] eG5' eg] lj1fkgsf] pQ/cfw'lgs l;4fGt -kf]:6df]8lg{:6 Yof]/L ckm P8el6{hd]G6_cg';f/ s'g} klg pTkfbgsf] lj1fkgdf dlxnfnfO{ k|blz{t u/ / k'?ifnfO{ pQ]lht kf/ -PS;kf]h b lkmd]n P08 P/fph b d]n_afx]s c? s]xL ePs} 5}g . ahf/df lrNnf, ukmufkm] -ul;k_ / dgf]/~hg lbg] kqklqsfsf dfq kf7s a9]sf 5g\ . lzIff / ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|Lsf kf7sx? Psbd sd 5g\ .®

t/, pxf"sf oL egfOx?k|lt To;} If]qsf cGo JolQmx?n] cfkm\g} lsl;dsf :ki6Ls/0f lbg'ePsf] 5 . g]6]lesf zdf{ ¾lj1fkgdf dlxnfnfO{ k|of]u ug}{ x'"b}g eGg] ;f]rfO 7Ls xf]Og . h'g ;fdfg h;n] a9L k|of]u u5{, To;df p;}nfO{ b]vfpg' hxf";'s}sf] rng xf] . To;}n] ;fa'gsf] lj1fkgdf dlxnfnfO{ b]vfpg' :jfefljs} xf] .® eGb} cufl8 yKg'x'G5, ¾c? cj:yfdf lj1fkgdf dlxnfnfO{ lsg unt / a9L k|of]u eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] dfq xft x'"b}g . sltko lj1fkgx? xfdLn] sf6\g;Sg], ;'wf/ ug{;Sg] xb;Dd t ldnfp"5f}" t/ sltko ;~rf/ dGqfnon] ;]G;/ u/]/ k7fOlbPkl5 /f]Sg] xfd|f] clwsf/ x'"b}g .®

oxf"g]/ Wofg lbg'kg]{ Pp6f kIf 5, lj1fkgdf dlxnfnfO{ k|of]u ug}{ x'"b}g eGg] dfu lgZro g} Jofjxfl/s / a'l4dQfk"0f{ xf]Og / o:tf] dfu dlxnf clwsf/ sfo{stf{ jf c? s;}n] slxNo} u/]s} 5}gg\ . t/ lj1fkgdf dlxnf jf k'?if s;}nfO{ klg s;/L / s:tf] ;Gbe{df k|of]u ul/of] eGg] s'/f cToGt dxÎjk"0f{ xf] . lj1fkgsf] p2]Zo g} bz{sÖkf7ssf] lbdfunfO{ leq}b]lv k|efljt ug'{ / lj1flkt j:t' jf ;]jfk|lt p;nfO{ cfslif{t ug'{ xf] . To;}n] Toxf" b]vfOg] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] e"ldsf klg bz{sx?df leq}b]lv 5fk kfg]{ lsl;dn] tof/ kfg{ sf]l;; ul/Psf] x'G5 / o;n] ;dfhdf cfd dlxnf k'?ifsf] 5lj lgdf{0f ug{ tyf alnof] kfg{ 7"nf] e"ldsf v]N5 .

To;}n] uf]/vsfnL 6fo/sf] lj1fkgdf gfRb} u/]sL dlxnfsf] c;fGble{s k|of]u jf ;w"}el/ t]n jf ;fa'gsf] aofg dfq ug]{ dlxnfsf] k6s–k6ssf] k|:t'ltn] ;dfhdf k|ultpGd'v / Jofj;flos dlxnfx?sf] hdft a9fpgdf s'g} ;xof]u k'´ofp"b}g . lj1fkgdf c;fGble{s 9u+n] / k/Dk/fut e"ldsfx?df dfq} dlxnfx?nfO{ a9L b]vfpg] k|j[lQ ck|ToIf?kdf :jtGq / cfTd;Ddfgk"0f{ dlxnf 5ljsf] :yfkgfdf Psbd} afws b]lvG5 .

n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] kydf afwf pTkGg ug]{ ;~rf/ k|:t'ltsf] csf]{ dxÎjk"0f{ / cfnf]lrt kf6f] o;df k|of]u ul/g] efiff klg xf] . /]l8of] g]kfnsf zdf{ eGg'x'G5, ¾xfd|f] ;dfhdf k'?ifk|wfgtf bzf{pg] y'k|} zAb, zAbfjnLx? 5g\ . To:tf s'/fx? cfkm"n] klg k|of]u gug{ / ;dfhsf] k|of]uaf6 klg x6fpg ;~rf/dfWodn] 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . t/ of] e"ldsf g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodn] Tolt /fd|f];"u lgefpg ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g .® ;dfhsf] oyfy{ lrq0f ug]{ gfddf dlxnfx?sf] cl:dtfnfO{ ckdflgt ug]{ / xf]Rrfpg] y'k|} pvfg 6'Ssfx?sf] k|of]u g]kfnL ;Rrf/dfWoddf lgaf{w eO/x]sf] 5 eg] k'?ifk|wfg jf dlxnfk|wfg zAbsf] ;f6f] n}lu+s?kn] t6:y zAbsf] vf]hL u/L k|of]u ug]{ ;f]r t cfpg} af"sL 5 . t/ Psflt/ l:ylt o:tf] eP klg csf{lt/ @)$& ;fnkl5 ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfnfO{ xf]Rofpg] efiffsf] k|of]u gxf];\ eg]/ r]tgf a9\b} uPsf] s'/f lxdfnsf ;Dkfbs bfxfn atfpg'x'G5 . pxf" eGg'x'G5, ¾s'g} :ki6 lnlvt gLlt geP klg s;}n] xfd|f]df dlxnflj?4 rsf{ s'/f n]v]/ Nofof] eg] Tof] sxL"af6 sfl6G5 .®

To;}u/L, /]l8of] ;u/dfyfdf klg dlxnfnfO{ ckdflgt ug]{ jf xf]Rofpg] zAbx? / pvfg 6'Ssfsf] k|of]u slxNo} gxf];\ eg]/ ;r]ttf ckgfOg] u/]sf] Toxf"sf sfo{qmd k|d'v n'O"6]nsf] egfO 5 . lnlvt?kdf x]bf{, sflGtk'/ b}lgsn] cfkm\gf] ‘z}nL k'l:tsf’df ¾;dfrf/ n]Vbf kf]On zAb k|of]u gug]{®, ¾hflt, ;d'bfo -afx'g, g]jf/, ckfu+, gf/L cflbnfO{ pbfx/0f lbP/ Jo+Uo gug]{ -h:t}M cfOdfO{ a'l4, afx'gh:tf] nf]eL, g]jf/h:tf] sf"t/ OToflb k|of]u gug]{ ===® eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf] /x]5 . yf]/} eP klg oL k|of;x?nfO{ x]bf{ lhDd]jf/ ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?n] n}lu+s lje]bo'Qm efiffsf] k|of]u /f]Sg s]xL ;sf/fTds / ;f]rk"0f{ sbd rfNg yfln;s]sf] b]lvG5 tfklg cem} klg ;dfhdf rNb} cfPsf dlxnfk|lt e]befjk"0f{ zAb, zAbfjnLsf] hyfefjL k|of]u ug]{ ;~rf/dfWodsf] afx'Notf ePsf] tYonfO{ eg] OGsf/ ug]{ a]]nf cfO;s]sf] 5}g .

o;/L ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?sf] k|:t'ltsf ljleGg kIfx?af/] s]xL k|d'v ;~rf/dfWodsf k|d'v JolQmx?;"usf] 5nkmnn] o; ljifodf s]xL 7f]; lgisif{, ljBdfg ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf Jofjxfl/s pkfox? klxNofpg ;xof]u k'´ofPsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;a}eGbf ;sf/fTds kIf s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf k|d'v ;~rf/dfWodsf cu'jf / lg0ff{os kqsf/x? ;}4flGts txdf ca k"0f{tof n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf 5g\ / To;nfO{ ;3fp k'Ug] ;fdu|L k|sfzg–k|;f/0f ug{ tof/ 5g\ . ;~rf/dfWoddf To:tf ;fdu|Lx? lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf klg pgLx?sf] ;xdlt 5 . o; n]vsf ;Gbe{df yf]/} dfq To:tf lg0ff{os kqsf/x?;"u s'/f ul/Psf] eP klg o;nfO{ g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodsf ;a}h;f] cu'jf JolQmx?sf] k|ltlglw ljrf/ dfGg ;lsG5, oBlk s]xL ckjfb / ;"Id ?kdf leGg dtx? hxf" klg x'g;S5g\ .

t/ of] /fd|f] kIf;"u;"u} g]kfndf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgf ePsf] !@ cf}+ jif{ lalt;Sbf klg k|d'v ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf ;~rf/dfWodaf6 s]–s:tf s'/fx? lbg], glbg], s;/L lbg] eg]/ s'g} klg ;+:yfut lgb]{lzsf jf gLlt agfPsf] km]nf gkg'[{ Tolts} b'vnfUbf] cj:yf xf] . o;n] ubf{ dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx? slt / s;/L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf s'g} :ki6 lnlvt gLlt jf b[li6sf]0f g]kfn 6]lnlehg, /]l8of] g]kfn, sflGtk'/ b}lgs, g]kfn ;dfrf/kq b}lgs, lxdfn kflIfs, /]l8of] ;u/dfyf / sflGtk'/ Pkm\ Pd\ h:tf s'g} klg ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?;"u 5}g . oL ;a} ;+:yfx?n] ;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf clwsf/x?, /fli6o ;~rf/ gLlt, k|;f/0f P]g, kqsf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtfh:tf km/flsnf b:tfj]hx?sf cfwf/df g} oL ljifox?nfO{ p7fpg] u/]sf] ;DalGwt kqsf/x? atfp"5g\ .

o:tf] cj:yfdf o; ljifodf oL b:tfj]hx?n] s] eg]sf 5g\ t eg]/ s]nfpg' cfjZos x'G5 . kqsf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtf, @)%% n] rf}yf] a'"bfdf kqsf/n] JolQmsf] rl/qxTof x'g] / uf]kgLotfsf] xs xgg x'g] k|s[ltsf] ;dfrf/ k|sfzg of k|;f/ ug'{ x'"b}g .® / /fli6o ;~rf/ gLlt, @)$$ sf] @=$=# g+=df wfld{s c;lxi0f'tfnfO{ a9fjf lbg] tyf wd{, ju{, lnu+, hflt, ;d'bfo cflbdf cfk;L j}og:o a9fpg] / pQ]lht efjgf hufpg] vfnsf ;dfrf/nfO{ k|>o glbg] .® eGg] a'bf"x? pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL b:tfj]hx?df dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?;"u cln :ki6?kdf hf]8\g ldNg] a'"bfx? olt dfq} x'g\ / log} a'bf"x?sf] c+\s'zdf c8\sfP/ unt k|:t'ltnfO{ /f]Sg jf lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsg] s]xL ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . To;f] t oL b:tfj]hx?df plNnlvt c? klg a'"bfx?sf] clt g} km/flsnf] JofVof ubf{ dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ;d]6\g ;lsg] s]xL cj:yfx? x'g;S5g\, t/ Jofjxfl/s txdf pleP/ ;f]Rbf ;dfhdf lk5l8Psf, x]lkPsf / lsgf/f nufOPsf ;d"x jf ju{nfO{ dfly p7fpg ljz]if gLlt / sfo{qmdx? gagfO{ l:yltdf s'g} kl/jt{g x'g g;Sg] jf:tljstfnfO{ k6Ss} la;{g ldNb}g . o;n] To:tf :ki6 gLlt / ;f]rx?sf] cfjZostf 68\sf/f]?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

t/ b]zleqsf ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/dfWodx?nfO{ k|efljt ug]{ oL b:tfj]hx?n] dlxnfx?sf] pGglt tyf n}lu+s lje]bsf] cGTosf nflu o;f] ul/g'k5{ eg]/ s'g} klg :ki6 gLlt agfPsf 5}gg\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf tL b:tfj]hx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] dfu{lgb]{zs 7fGg] ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?n] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ k|:t't ug{ g t Toxf"af6 s'g} :ki6 j}rfl/s cfwf/ kfpg ;s]sf 5g\ g t pgLx?sf cfkm\g} :ki6 gLltx? g} 5g\ . o;n] g]kfnsf k|d'v ;~rf/dfWoddf o; ;DaGwdf gLltsf] cefj Pp6f k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 / o;n] tL ;~rf/ ;+:yfsf k|d'vx?n] bfjL u/] h;/L pgLx?df ePsf] n}lu+s ;r]tgf / ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 pTkflbt ;fdu|Lx?df ptfg{ cK7]/f] eO/x]sf] 5 . s'g} klg ljifodf ha;Dd :ki6 / lnkLa2 gLlt x'"b}g, To; ;DaGwdf ;+:yfsf b'O{–rf/ JolQm ;r]t x"'b}df To; ljifon] Toxf" ;+:yfut?kdf k|fyldstf / lg/Gt/tf kfpg] l:ylt /x"b}g .

sflGtk'/ Pkm\ Pd\ sf :6]zg Dofg]h/ z/b/fh uf}tdsf] egfOdf pxf" cfkm" n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfndf ;+j]bgzLn / ;r]t x'g'x'G5 t/ pxf"s} ;dfrf/sIfdf c? kqsf/x?nfO{ of] ;jfn eg]sf] s] xf] s;}nfO{ yfx} 5}g . To:t} lxdfn kflIfssf ;Dkfbs /fh]Gb| bfxfnsf] Pp6f cg'ej klg oxf" pNn]vgLo 5 . s]xL xkm\tfcl3 pxf"n] k|ltlglw;efsf] sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo ;ldltn] k}t[s ;Dkltdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf hgdt ;e]{If0f u/L ;u+ng u/]sf] /fo / ;+;bdf To;;DaGwL d:of}bf ljw]ossf] ljifodf cfkm\gf s'g} Pshgf ;+jfbbftfnfO{ l/kf]l6{u+ ug{ nufpg'eof], t/ tL ;+jfbbftfn] cfkm"n] s]xL 7fp"df s'/fx? a'lem;s]kl5 To; ljifodf l/kf]6{ tof/ ug{ g;lsg] s'/f pxf"nfO{ atfP . To;kl5 pxf"n] klg pQm ;+jfbbftfnfO{ ;DemfP/ To; ljifodf ug}{k5{ eGg' ePg / l/kf]{6 tof/ ePg, 5flkPg .

pxf" eGg'x'G5, d}n] To; ljifodf n]Vg eGbf Tof] ljifo p;sf] leq} 3';]g xf]nf, aflx/} 7f]lSsP/ kmls{of] xf]nf, clg p;sf] k|fyldstfdf klg k/]g / ag]g l/kf]6{ .® o; ljifon] kfPsf] k|fyldstf / kqsf/x?n] o;nfO{ a'em\g] xfd|f] jf:tljstf o:tf] 5 eg] oltv]/ z/b uf}td, /fh]Gb| bfxfn jf c? sf]xL JolQmut?kdf ;r]t jf ;+j]bgzLn eP/ o; ljifon] ;~rf/df :yfg kfpg] s'/fdf slt km/s k5{ xf]nf eg]/ ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] ;/n efiff / Jofks JofVofnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L ;+:yfut gLlt lnlvt?kdf g} gagfp"bf;Dd o; ljifonfO{ lbOPsf] elgPsf] k|fyldstf kl/0ffdd'vL / ;fy{s x'g;Sb}g eGg] tYonfO{ ;a} lg0f{fos txdf /x]sf ;~rf/sdL{x?n] a'em\g'kg]{ x'G5 .

o;/L ;+:yfut?kdf gLlt x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf w]/} ;~rf/dfWodsf k|d'vx?sf] klg ;xdlt eg] /x]sf] 5 . /]l8of] g]kfnsf /fh]Gb| zdf{ oxL cfjZostfnfO{ hf]8 lb+b} eGg'x'G5, kqsfl/tf eg]sf] ljj]so'Qm Joj;fo xf], d'gfkmfvf]/L dfq xf]Og . To;}n] n}lu+s dfq xf]Og, s[lif, :jf:Yo, afnaflnsfh:tf w]/} ljifox?df of]hgfa4 9u+n] sfd ug'{kg]{ xfd|f] bfloTj xf] / To;sf nflu :ki6 gLlt x'g}k5{ .®

o; ljifodf sflGtk'/ b}lgssf ;Dkfbs l3ld/] / g]kfn ;dfrf/kqsf ;Dkfbs sfkm\n]sf] ljrf/ cln a]Un} 5 . l3ld/]sf] ljrf/df n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfndf lnlvt geO{ 5nkmn / ;dembf/Ldf gLlt agfp"bf a9L ;lhnf] x'G5 lsgls o;n] gLlt nlrnf] aGg hfG5 / ef]ln To;df c? ljifox? klg ylkP eg] To;nfO{ ;d]6\g ;lsG5 . ;Dkfbs sfkm\n] gUgtf, cZnLntfh:tf zAbx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ efiffljb\, sfg'gljb\x?n] ;d]t :ki6 kl/eflift gul/lbPsf] x'gfn] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ lnlvt gLltdf ptfg]{ sfd cln hl6n x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . pxf" cem} yKg'x'G5, k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf c? kqklqsfn] dlxnfnfO{ ;d]t pkof]u u/]/ UNofd/; s'/fx? 5flk/xg] / s'g} Pp6fn] cfkm\gf] lg0f{on] g5fKg] ubf{ c? g} sf/0fn] Tof] Pp6f kl5 k´of] eg] klg p;nfO{ xfdLNffO{ /fd|f] sfd ubf{ klg ;dfhn] kTofPg eg]/ klg unt af6f]lt/ hfg;S5 . To;}n] cnucnu ;+:yfx?n] gLlt agfpg'eGbf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3h:tf] 5ftf ;+:yfn] gLlt agfP/ ;a}nfO{ k7fpg' Jofjxfl/s x'G5 .®

;+:yfx?n] gLlt agfp"bf kg{;Sg] oL cK7]/fx?af/] h;/L oL ;Dkfbsx?n] JofVof ug'{eof], To;k|lt leGg dt /fVg'x'g] /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf 3d/fh n'O"6]n eGg'x'G5, ¾lnlvt gLlt agfp"bf kl/efiffnfO{ ;f"3'/f] kfg]{ jf a'em\g ufx|f] x'g] xf]Og . gLlt eg]sf] t Ps zAbdf cfsfz af]N5 elgG5 . To;}n] /fd|f] sfdsf nflu gLlt agfp"bf To;df nrstfsf] s'g} cefj x'"b}g . csf]{ s'/f, d]/f] ljrf/df kqsf/ dxf;+3, k|]; sfplG;nh:tf ;+:yfn] o; ;jfnnfO{ o;/L p7fp" eg]/ eGg ldn]] klg c? ;+:yfx?nfO{ o;/L g} u/ eg]/ ;s'{n/ ug]{ x}l;ot /fVb}gg\ . To;}n] ;~rf/ ;+:yfx? cfkm} ;r]t eP/ :ki6 gLlt agfpg'k5{ .®

;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df gLltsf] cfjZostfaf/] rrf{ x'"bf ;/sf/n] g} gLlt agfpg' / cg'udg ug'{kg]{ kIfnfO{ w]/}n] dxÎjk"0f{ 7fg]sf] b]lvG5 . g]6]lesf dxfk|aGws zdf{ @)$^ ;fnkl5 /fhgLlt clt a9L ljsf; ePsf]n] /fhgLltafx]s o; d'n'sdf c? s]]xL ;d:of g} gePsf] 9u+n] ;~rf/dfWodn] lbO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] u'gf;f] ub}{ n}lu+stfnufotsf c? dxÎjk"0f{ ;jfnx?df ;~rf/dfWodn] s]–s;/L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] :ki6 gLlt / sfo{qmd ;/sf/n] g} lnP/ cfpg'k5{, clg To;nfO{ c? ;+3–;+:yfn] ;xof]u u5{g\ eGg'x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'/f ubf{ pxf"x?n] ;/sf/n] dlxnf xs–lxtsf nflu eg]/ :yfkgf u/]sf] dlxnf dGqfnosf] e"ldsfnfO{ klg bf]ifL b]Vg'ePsf] 5 . dlxnf dGqfnon] klg ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx? s;/L lbg] eg]/ s'g} 7f]; sfd u/]sf] gb]v]sf] zdf{sf] cg'ej 5 . /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf n'O"6]n klg dlxnf dGqfnon] clxn]];Dd o; ljifodf o;/L hfp"m eg]/ Pp6f kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ;d]t u/]sf] yfxf 5}g eGb} ;/sf/sf] gLlt k|:6 gePsf] atfpg'x'G5 .

o;/L ;du|df s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ s;/L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] s'g} gLlt 5}g tfklg To:tf ;Gbe{x? cfPdf ;"rgf glbg] jf lbg sGh':ofO{ ug]{ gLlt klg 5}g . olt dxÎjk"0f{ ljifodf ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt ;+3–;+:yfx?sf] gLltljxLgtfsf] jt{dfg cj:yfn] oL ljifox?nfO{ ;~rf/dfWoddf ljj]sk"0f{ 9u+n] p7fpg] / o;k|lt hgdt a9fpg] lbzfdf pNn]vgLo pknlAw x'g;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ Jojl:yt 9u+n] p7fpgsf nflu ;/sf/sf ;Da4 lgsfox?, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 / k|To]s ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] gLlt agfP/ To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ cToGt cfjZos 5 . o;f] x'g;s]sf] v08df dfq} ;~rf/dfWodn] n}lu+s ;dfgtfo'Qm Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] :yfkgfsf nflu ;fy{s e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ .

gLltsf] cefjkl5 ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnsf] ;Gbe{df b]lvPsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] ;d:of Toxf"sf k|d'vx?df ljifok|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r eP/ klg To;nfO{ s;/L cfkm\gf ;fdu|Lx?df ;d]6\g] eGg] kIfdf :ki6tf gx'g'df b]lvG5 . o;n] ubf{ tL dfWodx?n] grfx"bf grfx"b} klg ;fdflhs?kdf lnu+e]bnfO{ a9fp"b} nUg] / dlxnfk|ltsf] ;fdflhs b[li6sf]0fnfO{ wldNofpg] ;fdu|Lx? Toxf"af6 k|rfl/t–k|;fl/t eO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf zdf{sf] egfOdf ;~rf/dfWodsf] gLlt lg0ff{os txdf a;]sfx? o; ;jfndf ;r]t x'"bfx'"b} klg s]xL afWotf, k'/ftgjfbL ;f]r, ;fdflhsLs/0f cflbn] ubf{ ghfg'kg]{ s'/fx? klg ;~rf/dfWodaf6 uO/x]sf 5g\ . /]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf n'O"6]n n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfn /fd|f];"u ga'em]sf / To;sf] ;"Id 9u+n]] cWoog gu/]sf JolQmx?n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;+:yfdf o:tf] ;d:of a9L k/]sf] x'g;Sg] atfpg'x'G5 . ykdf pxf" eGg'x'G5, ¾dlxnfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'k5{, dlxnfnfO{ dfly p7fpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fx? lbO/xg] t/ To;leqsf vf; ;d:ofx? s] x'g\, s;/L p7fpg ;lsG5 eg]/ ;dfhzf:qLo, dfgjzf:qLo lx;fan] ha 3/Jojxf/;Dd k'u]/ cWoog u/]/ k|:t't ug{ ghfGbf;Dd gf/f k|z:t p7] klg ;d:ofx? ;'Nemfpg ;xof]u k'Ub}g .®

jf:tjdf nfdf] 5nkmn / cWoogaf6 o; ;jfnnfO{ p7fpg] ;Gbe{df ;~rf/dfWodsf k|d'vx?df b]vfk/]sf] o:tf] ;}4flGts tyf Jofjxfl/s c:ki6tf Pp6f k|d'v / hl6n ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvG5, t/ o; tYonfO{ ;xh} :jLsf/ ug{ w]/} ;~rf/ k|d'vx?nfO{ ufx|f] k/]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . ljifok|lt pgLx?df /x]sf] ;sf/fTds ljrf/ / cfO/x]sf ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx?sf] aLrdf /x]sf] cGt/fnaf6 o; ;d:ofnfO{ a'em\g'kg]{ x'G5 . o;;"u;"u} ;~rf/dfWodsf k|d'vx?df /x]sf] o:tf] ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s c:ki6tf x6fpgsf nflu / n}lu+s?kdf ;+j]bgzLn ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|sfzg–k|;f/0f a9fpgsf nflu o; ljifonfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf k}/jL ;d"x -P8\ef]s];L u|"k_x?sf] e"ldsf / k|of;df /x]sf] lkmtnf]kg klg o; If]qsf] t];|f] 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df, ;~rf/dfWoddf o:tf ;jfnx? lbg] s'/fdf k}/jL ;d"x / d"nwf/] ;~rf/dfWodsf aLrdf Tolt w]/} cGtlq{mof x'g g;s]sf] cg'ej sflGtk'/sf ;Dkfbs l3ld/]sf] 5 . pxf"sf] ljrf/df k}/jL ;d"xx?n] ;dfrf/ ;+:yfx?n] ;dfrf/ k7fPh:tf] lj1lKt / krf{x? dfq k7fP/ ;~rf/dfWoddf o; ljifon] /fd|f] :yfg / k|:t'lt kfpg ;Sb}g, To;}n] To:tf ;d"xx?n] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] unt / bf]xf]/f] 5ljaf6 d'Qm x'"b} ;f]em} ;~rf/dfWod;"u cGtlq{mof ug]{ / a]nfa]nfdf ;fdu|Lx? s;/L lbOof] eg]/ k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{k5{ . clxn] oxf" o:tf] lsl;dsf k|of;x?sf] lgtfGt cefj 5 . pxf"sf cg';f/ k}/jL ;d"x / ;~rf/dfWodn] wd{ lgjf{x ug]{ dfgl;stf dfq af]s]/ o; ljifonfO{ p7fp"5g\ eg] o;n] k|fyldstf / dxÎj kfpg ;Sb}g .

sflGtk'/ Pk\m Pd\ sf z/b/fh uf}td n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] k|of;nfO{ 7"nf] o'4sf] ;+1f lb"b} k}/jL ug]{ ;d"xx?n] n}lu+s ;r]tgf;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? rnfp"bf k|fof]lht sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf ge} cfkm\gf] ljifosf]?kdf p7fpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'x'G5 . o; ljifonfO{ bft[ ;+:yfsf] OR5f cg'?ksf] sfo{qmd agfP/ rnfOof] eg] To;sf] lgotdf z¡f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 / clxn];Dd k}/jL ;d"xx?n] 7"N7"nf ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?nfO{ nIo u/]/ n}lu+s ;+j]bgzLntf;DaGwL sfo{qmd grnfpg' klg bftfx?n] geg]s} sf/0fn] xf] eg]/ pxf" cf/f]k nufpg'x'G5 . o;/L Psflt/ ;~rf/dfWod;"u /fd|f];"u cGtlq{mof u/L Toxf"af6 dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ /fd|f];"u phfuf/ ug{ To;} If]qdf sfo{/t k}/jL ;d"xx?sf] k|of; ePg eGg] u'gf;f] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ul/Psf k|of;x? k|efjsf/L 5}gg\ eGg] lxdfnsf ;Dkfbs bfxfnsf] ljZn]if0f 5 .

jl/i7 kqsf/x?sf nflu cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Pp6f n}lu+s ;+j]bgzLntf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'"bfsf] tLtf] cg'ej ;'gfp"b} pxf" eGg'x'G5, ¾kqsf/x?nfO{ n}lu+s?kdf ;r]t agfpg] sfo{qmdx? gePsf xf]Ogg\, ePsf 5g\, t/ tL k|efjsf/L 5}gg\ . o:tf tflnd lb"bf tflnd lbg] JolQmsf] of]Uotf, tx / k[i7e"ld b/f] rflxG5 . o:tf tflnddf nlIot ;d"x;"u cGt/lj/f]w a9fpg] u/L x}g, pgLx?sf] lbdfudf ljifosf] ;+j]bgzLntf l5/fpg;Sg] u/L pko'Qm ljifoj:t' 5fGg / plrt l;sfO k4lt ckgfpg ;Sg'k5{ . clxn] eO/x]sf sfo{qmdx?df oL s'/fx?sf] sdL 5 . csf]{ of] ;jfnnfO{ af]sL lx+8\g] dlxnfx? dfq xf]Og, ;Dej 5 eg] krf; k|ltzt k'?if x'g'k5{ . kmnfdn] kmnfd sf6\5 eg]h:t} k'?if kqsf/x?nfO{ n}lu+s b[li6sf]0faf6 ;r]t agfpg o; ljifosf k|jQmf / tflnd lbg]x?df k'?ifx? klg x'g}k5{ . clxn] o; If]qdf sfd ul//x]sfx?n] cfkmgf] :t/ j[l4 ug'{k5{ . d]/f] ljrf/df t clxn];Dd n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] cfGbf]ngn] /fd|f] g]t[Tj gkfPs} sf/0fn] o; ljifon] ;~rf/dfWoddf klg k|fyldstf kfpg g;s]sf] xf] .®

bfxfn dfq} xf]Og, ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ n}lu+s?kdf ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] pkfosf ?kdf cGo ;~rf/ k|d'vx?n] klg dlxnf clwsf/sf lglDt nfluk/]sf ;+3–;+:yfsf oL sdLx?nfO{ k6s–k6s dxÎjsf ;fy p7fpg'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] tL ;+:yfx?n] c?n] cf}+NofOlbPsf oL sdL–sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lng'k5{ / cfkm"df /x]sf ;¡L0f{tf, :jfy{ / cbIftfx?nfO{ x6fpg]lt/ nfUg'k5" . c? lsl;dsf nlIot ;d"xx?sf] aLrdf n}lu+s ;+j]bgzLntf / ;r]tgfsf sfo{qmdx? s;/L rnfOPsf] 5 / tL slt k|efjsf/L 5g\ eg]/ vf]tNg' Pp6f cnUu} cWoogsf] ljifo x'g;S5, t/ kqsf/x?sf nflu o:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{x?n] sDtLdf s] s'/f a'em\g'k5{ eg] km/flsnf] ;f]r, k|lta4tf, OdfGbf/L / bIftf ePsf dlxnf–k'?ifx?n] dfq} ;~rf/dfWod / Toxf" sfo{/t kqsf/x?nfO{ dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df cfslif{t ug{ / :ki6\ofpg ;S5g\ . lrQ ga'em];Dd k|Zg ul//xg] :jefj ePsf kqsf/x?nfO{ /fd|f] tof/Llagf emf/f 6fg]{ lsl;dn] ;r]tgfsf] sfo{qmd lbg k|of; ul/of] eg] To;n] pgLx?nfO{ ;jfnaf6 g} ljd'v agfpg;S5 eGg] s'/f la;{g' x'"b}g .

oxL"g]/ dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu sfo{/t JolQm / ;+:yfx?n] ug'{kg]{ csf]{ dxÎjk"0f{ sfdnfO{ klg ;lDemg' cfjZos 5 . ;~rf/dfWodn] dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnnfO{ lrQa'em\bf] u/L 7fp" / k|:t'lt lbPgg\ eg]/ cf/f]k nufp"bf o; If]qdf sfo{/t JolQmx?n] sflGtk'/sf ;Dkfbs l3ld/]n] eGg'ePsf] s'/fnfO{ klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . pxf" eGg'x'G5, ¾o; ;jfndf ;dfrf/ dfq lbP/ k'Ub}g . ;DalGwt lj1 / ;d"xx?af6 o; ljifodf ljrf/d"ns n]vx? klg cfpg'k5{, t/ of] Psbd} sd cfO/x]sf] 5 .® jftfj/0f, ko{6g, /fhgLlt, dfgjclwsf/, hn;|f]th:tf cGo If]q / ljifodf sfd ul//x]sf JolQmx?n] cfkm\gf] If]qsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ phfu/ ug{ / ;dfwfgsf] lglDt ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ 3r3Rofpg h;/L ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\, To;sf] t'ngfdf o; If]qdf nfu]sfx?n] ;f/} yf]/} dfqfdf ;~rf/dfWod?kL d~rnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ cfkm\gf ;f]rljrf/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . o;f] x'g g;Sg'sf kl5 pgLx?sf] k|lta4tf, :ki6tf, hf"u/, cfTdljZjf; cflbnfO z¡fsf] 3]/fleq /fv]/ x]g'{k5{ .

;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?sf] ;Gbe{df b]lvPsf] rf}yf] k|d'v ;d:of nufgL / ahf/;"u klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . o:tf ;fdu|Lx? ;fdflhs bfloTjsf lx;fan] lbg'kg]{ eP klg oL ahf/df lasfp 5}gg\ / o;af6 kmfObf t s] nufgL ;d]t 8'afpg'k5{ eGg] w]/} ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] a'emfO /x]sf] 5 . sflGtk'/ Pkm\ Pd\ sf z/b/fh uf}td Ps–Ps lx;fa ub}{ eGg'x'G5, ¾xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] l;u+f] :6]zgaf6 k|;fl/t ;fdu|Lx? n}lu+s?kdf :j:y / ;Gt'lnt kfg{ sDtLdf kf"r hgfsf] o'lg6 rflxG5 . To;sf nflu sDtLdf k|ltdlxgf #) xhf/ t vr{ ug'{k´of], t/ o;af6 Ps k};f kms{b}g . To;}n] d clxn] o; ljifosf nflu jif{sf] sl/a rf/ nfv vr{ ug'{k5" eg]/ o; :6]zgsf dflnsx?nfO{ ;xdt u/fpg ;lSbg" . t/ ;d:of k};f geP/ nufgL ug{ g;lsPsf] xf]Og . pxf"x?sf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] If]qdf sfo{qmdx? tof/ ug{ pxf"x?n] dfG5] klg yKg ;Sg'x'G5, k};f klg yKg ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df of] s'/f nfu" x'"b}g . of] xfd|f] dfq geO{ ;a} ;~rf/dfWodsf] oyfy{ xf] .®

uf}tdsf] o; egfOn] n}lu+s ;+j]bgzLntfsf] cfjZostf ePsf] csf]{ Pp6f dxÎjk"0f{ ;d"xsf ?kdf ;~rf/dfWodsf nufgLstf{x? klg /x]sf x'g\ . t/ g]kfn ;dfrf/kqsf ;Dkfbs sfkm\n] eg] cln km/s ljrf/ cl3 ;fb}{ dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx? lb"bf kf7sx? a9\5g\, o; ljifodf gfkmf klg 5, laqmL klg x'G5, of] s'g} ;dfh;]jf dfq xf]Og t/ of] ;jfn cfly{s nfesf] s'/f klg xf] eg] s'/f ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?df k'´ofpg ;Sg'k5{ eGg'x'G5 . g]6]lesf dxfk|aGws zdf{ ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?df cfly{s afWotfx? eP klg o:tf ;jfnx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ p7fpgf;fy Jofkf/ vQd x'G5 eg]/ ;f]lrxfNg' 7Ls xf]Og eGg]] 7fGg'x'G5 .

h] xf];\, ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ k|fyldstf;fy p7fpg'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ o;n] Jofkf/df slt yk36 unf{ eg]/ ;f]Rg] Jofj;flos cjwf/0ff o;sf] ;fd'Gg] s8f r'gf}tLsf ?kdf plePsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf of] ljifo ahf/df xftfxft laqmL x'g] ljifo xf] eg]/ 7f]s'jf ug]{ a]nf cem} cfO;s]sf] 5}g, a? ahf/ lg/fzfhgs g} 5 . t/ oltv]/ km]l/ /]l8of] g]kfnsf /fh]Gb| zdf{sf] egfO ;lDemg'kg]{ x'G5, ¾kqsfl/tf ljj]so'Qm Joj;fo xf], d'gfkmfvf]/L dfq xf]Og .® To;}n] ;~rf/ ;+:yfsf cfly{s / kqsfl/tf If]qsf xflsdx?nfO{ o; ;To;"u ;xdt u/fpg}k5{ / o;sf] lhDdf km]l/ k}/jL ;d"xx?s} sf"wdf cfp"5 .

o;/L lgisif{df x]bf{ ;sf/fTds ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf nflu ;"Id 9u+n] ulx/f] e"ldsf v]Ng;Sg] ;~rf/dfWodn] clxn];Dd dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf lglDt g]kfndf ck]lIft?kdf sfd ug{ ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . of] jf:tljstf xf] / o;nfO{ csf]{ jf:tljstfdf abNgsf nflu oltv]/ g]kfndf Psbd} pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 5 . ;~rf/ ;+:yfx?sf gLlt lg0ff{os txdf sfo{/t clwstd kqsf/x? dlxnf / n}lu+stf;DaGwL ;jfnx?df ;+j]bgzLn 5g\, ;~rf/dfWoddf o; ljifon] k|z:t :yfg tyf ;sf/fTds k|efj lbg] u/L k|:t'lt kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;xdt 5g\ . st}–st} s;}df ;}4flGts txd} c:ki6tf eP klg h8tf 5}g, t/n cj:yfdf /x]sf] c:ki6tfn] lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . ca ;d:of eg]sf] of] ;f]r / ;dembf/LnfO{ Jofaxfl/s?kdf s;/L ptfg]{ / lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf ;+:yfut gLlt agfpg] s'/fdf cfP/ dfq} clNemPsf] 5 . o;sf lglDt n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t JolQm tyf ;d'xx?n] v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsf / pgLx?sf clxn];Ddsf sdLsdhf]/Lx?sf] klg klxrfg eO;s]kl5 ;DalGwt ;a}n] OdfGbf/ / k|lta4 eP/ nfUg] xf] eg] ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / n}lu+s ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] e/kbf{ cfwf/x? b]lvPsf 5g\ .