P3f/f} ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngn] ;fdflhs If]qsf] ljsf; / ;'wf/sf lglDt yf]/} dfqfdf eP klg ;sf/fTds k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 . o; k|lta4tf cGtu{t blIf0f Pl;ofdf afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / b]xJofkf/df anhkm\tL k|of]u u/fpg] pb]Zon] dlxnf tyf aflnsfnfO{ a]lrg] ck/fw la?4 n8\g Pj+ a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgfdf ;femf k|of; / sfo{jmdsf] yfngL ug]{ b'O cle;lGwdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . x'gt oL b'j} cle;GwLx? cw'/f] / ;+s'lrt 5g\ eGg] dfgj clwsf/jfbL / dlxnf ;lj|motfjfbLx?sf] dt /x]sf] 5 . o;df cfklQ hgfOPsf] d'Vo ljifo dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg b]xJofkf/sf nflu dfq x'g] u/]sf] 5 eGg] cle;GwLsf] 7DofO g} unt xf] eGg] /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] a]rlavg b]xJofkf/ afx]s cGo sf/0fsf] nflu klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 eGg] pgLx?sf] egfO 5 . dfgj clwsf/jfbL tyf dlxnf ;lj|motfjfbLx?n] p7fPsf] of] s'/f Psbd} ;xL xf] . t/ o; cle;GwLdf w]/} sdL sdhf]/L eP klg of] o;df ePsf s]xL s'/fx?nfO{ nfu' u/fpg ;lsof] eg] klg lk8Lt dlxnf / pgLx?sf] a]rlavgsf] /f]syfd tyf k'gM:yfkgfdf nflu sfd ul//x]sf blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;+3 ;+:yfx? Pj+ ;/sf/nfO{ w]/} ;lhnf] x'G5 .

ljz]ifu/L of] cle;GwL g]kfnsf] nflu pkof]uL / ;sf/fTds g} 5 . lsgls g]kfnsf dlxnf tyf aflnsf a]rlavgsf] ;d:of ef/tLo of}g ahf/df anhkm\tL u/fOg] j]Zofj[lQ;"u k|ToIf ?kdf uf"l;Psf] 5 . x'gt, g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?nfO{ j]Zofj[lQ afx]s cGo Wo]osf lglDt klg k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f klg Tolts} pl7/x]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnaf6 a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?nfO{ 3/]n' sfdbf/, afwf dhb'/, >lds / cGo sfddf nflu k|of]u ePsf] k'li6 ug]{ vfnsf k|df0f ;lxtsf 36\gfx? aflx/ Tolt cfPsf 5}gg\ . ;fy} o; kIfnfO{ ;d]l6Psf s'g} cWoogx? klg s'g} ;+3;+:yfx?n] clxn];Dd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5}gg\ . blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'sleq dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?sf] hlt klg a]rlavg eO/x]sf] 5, Tof] k|ToIf ?kdf j]Zofj[lQdf anhkm\tL nufpgsf lglDt g} ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf blIf0f Pl;ofdf j]Zofj[lQsf] pNn]v gu/Lsg dlxnf tyf aflnsf a]rlavg;DaGwL s'g} klg s'/f k"/f x"'b}g . g]kfn, ef/t, a+unfb]z / kfls:tfgsf cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf dlxnf a]rlavgsf ck/fw lj?4 sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf cg';Gwfgx?df dlxnf tyf aflnsf a]rlavg / j]Zofj[lQaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ :ki6 ?kdf :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 .

dlxnf tyf aflnsf a]rlavg / anhkm\tL j]Zofj[lQsf] ;d:of e"d08nsf k|foM ;a} efudf ljBdfg 5, t/ cnu cnu dxfb]zdf o;sf] kl/df0fdf eg] leGgtf /x]sf] 5 . blIf0f Pl;ofsf] of}g ahf/df slt dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?nfO{ hj/h:tL of}g Joj;fodf nufOPsf] 5, o; ;DaGwdf ;xL tYof°sf] cefj 5, tfklg ljleGg ;|f]tx?n] b]vfPcg';f/ sl/a aL;nfv dlxnfx? blIf0f Pl;ofsf] of}gahf/df sfo{/t 5g\ . ef/tsf] of}g ahf/df g]kfnaf6 dfq a]lrPsf / cf˚"v'zL k'u]sf dlxnf tyf aflnsfx? b'Onfvsf] ;ª\Vofdf ePsf] tYof° 5 . c:ki6 egfO / ck|dfl0ft tYof°x?n] dlxnf tyf aflnsf a]rlavgsf] JofkstfnfO{ a9fOr9fO k|:t't ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] ePtf klg o;n] ;d:ofk|lt blIf0f Pl;ofsf /fi6«WoIfx?sf] Wofg tfGg 7'nf] d4t u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn / blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] a]rlavgsf] ;d:ofsf] /f]syfddf sfo{/t w]/} /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? 5g\ . x/]s jif{ ljleGg lj|mofsnfksf nflu k|z:t ;fwg–;|f]tsf] vkt klg eO/x]sf] 5 . dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] a]rlavg /f]syfdsf] lglDt r]tgf hufpg'sf ;fy} a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgfdf klg ;+3;+:yfx? ;lj|mo 5g\ . xfn} x:tfIfl/t cle;GwLn] a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgfnfO{ kIfnfO{ ljz]if dxŒj lbPsf] 5 . of] Psbd} ;sf/fTds sbd xf] .

r]nLa]6L a]rlavgsf] ;d:of;"u h'Wgdf k'gM:yfkgfsf] ;jfn ;a}eGbf hl6n / r'gf}ltk"0f{ kIf xf] . a]lrPsf r]nLa]6Lsf] h'g tYof+s b]vfOg] ul/Psf] 5, To;sf] ;+Vof / kl/0ffdnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'gM:yfkgf ;fgf]ltgf] k|of;af6 dfq ;Dej x'g]h:tf] b]lv"b}g . o;}n] a]lrPsf r]nLa]6Lx?sf] k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ lhDdjf/L / st{Jo k7fpg] / k|of]u ug]{ ;a} d'n'ssf ;/sf/sf] x'g'kg]{ s'/f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] p7fp"b} cfPsf lyP . ;fs{sf] P3f/f} ;Dd]ngdf ;fs{sf ;a} d'n'sx?n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] cle;GwLdf k'gM:yfkgfsf] ;jfnnfO{ d"Vo k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 / o;sf nflu ef]lnG6/L ˚08sf] klg Joj:yf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . t/ of] ˚08sf] Joj:yf / o;sf] k|of]u s;/L x'g] xf] Tof] Psbd} hl6n kIf xf] .

blIf0f Pl;ofdf ef/t ;a}eGbf a9L of}gJoj;foLx? vkt ug]{ /fi6«sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] d'DaO{, lbNnL / sf]nsftfdf vf]lnPsf sf]7Lx?nfO{ b]Vbf ef/tn] jf:tjd} of}gJoj;foLx?sf] lglDt ahf/ g} vf]n]/ a;]sf] h:tf] efg k5{ . tL sf]7Lx?df !^ jif{ d'lgsf aflnsfx?nfO{ klg /flvPsf] 5 hxf" k|x/LnfO{ ph'/L k/]df dfq slxn]sxL" 5fkf dfg]{ ul/G5 . o; afx]ssf cj:yfdf ef/tLo of}gahf/df :j]R5fn] of}gJoj;fo ug]{x?nfO{ k|z:t 5'6 lbOPsf] 5 . ef/tLo of}gahf/df afWotfaz / :j]R5fn] of}gJoj;fo ug]{x?sf] ;+Vof a/fa/h;f] g} 5 . o; l:yltdf k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ bfloTjleq :j]R5fn] of}gJoj;fo ug]{x?nfO{ /fVg'k5{ jf kb}{g eg]/ k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . t/ pgLx?nfO{ klg Ifltk"lt{ lbg] / k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ bfloTj To; d'n'ssf] x'g'k5{ h'g d'n'sdf :j]R5fn] of}gJoj;foL ePsf r]nLa]6Lx?n] klg cf˚\gf] phf{zLn of}jgfj:yf pQm d'n'ssf] ;dfhnfO{ ;'lDkPsf x'G5g\ . cfkmgf] ;dfhsf nflu ;j{:j lbg]x?nfO{ c;Qm cj:yfdf x]/rfx / ;+/If0f ug'{ h'g;'s} /fHosf] klg dfgjLo st{Joleqs} s'/f xf] .

o:tf] cj:yfdf r]nLa]6L a]rlavgsf lzsf/ ePsf dlxnfx?sf] p4f/ / k'gM:yfkgfaf/] ef/t ;/sf/n] ;lhn} bfloTj jxg unf{ eg]/ cfzf ug]{ 7fp" ;fx|} sDtL 5 . o;df ca ;/sf/ / u}/;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yfx?n] ldn]/ k}/jL ug{ h?/L b]lvG5 . g]kfnaf6 r]nLa]6L a]rlavg x'g'sf] sf/0fdf g]kfn / ef/tsf] v'nf l;dfgfdfq k|d"v sf/0f geP/ ef/tsf] ljzfn of}gahf/ klg Tolts} bf]ifL 5 . hj;Dd ef/tsf] of}gjhf/ v'nf ?kdf rln/xG5, tj;Dd g]kfnL r]nLa]6Lx? a]rlavg x'g] ;d:ofnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsb}g . To;}n] g]kfn ef/tsf] v'nf ;LdfnfO{ lgolGqt ug]{ s'/fnfO{ g]kfnn] ca p7fpg' kg]{x'G5 .

a]lrPsf dlxnf / aflnsfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs hLjgdf ˚sf{pg ul/g] k'gM:yfkgfsf] k|of; o; kIfdf ;a}eGbf r'gf}ltk"0f{ sfd xf] h;sf nflu Jofjxfl/s sfo{j|md rflxG5 . k'gM:yfkgf sfo{j|md cGt/ut a]rlavgsf l;sf/ ePsf dlxnfx?nfO{ plrt /f]huf/sf cj;/x?sf ;fy} j]Zofnoaf6 ˚ls{Psf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs hLjgdf :jLsf/ u/fpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{'k5{ . o;df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|of; ;/fxgLo 5 . t/ of] ;d:ofsf] prfO x]/L k|of; Psbd} lemgf] b]lvG5 . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|of;x?n] w]/} ;+Vofdf cf˚\gf] d'n's ˚s{g rfxg] t/ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/df ˚ls{g grfxg]x?sf nflu bL3{sfnLg a;fO"sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ / o;f] ug'{ ;lhnf] klg 5}g . cleefjsnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 eg]/ cg'udg ug'{ nueu c;Dej h:t} x'G5 .

o;} cle;lGwn] p7fPsf] csf]{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljifo cf];f/k;f/ jf j]Zofj[lQsf nflu cfly{s jf ef}lts ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;d'x / o; sfdsf nflu 3/ ef8fdf lbg] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t ;hfo"sf] efuL agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df Pp6f :jfefljs k|Zg p7\5 ls o; cfwf/df vf;u/L ef/tn] of}g ahf/ ;~rflnt eO/x]sf cfkmgf d'Vo zx/x?df o; sfdsf nflu 3/ef8fdf lbg] cfkmgf cgluGtL gful/sx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ sltsf] tof/ xf]nf t < o;sf nflu ef/tnfO{ afWo u/fpg c? b]zsf ;/sf/x? jf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] s] ug{ ;Snfg\ t < o:tf dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? pQl/t gx'"bf;Dd cle;lGwsf] Jofjxfl/s k|efjsfl/tfk|lt Tolt cfzfjfg\ x'g ;lsb}g .

h] xf];\, ;fs{ d'n'sx?n] r]lna]6L a]rlavgsf] ;jfnnfO{ ltgsf] ;f´f d~rdf p7fpg yfn]sf] nueu Ps bzs eO;s]sf] lyof] h;sf] ;fgf] glthf of] cle;GwLdf x:tfIf/ x'g' klg xf] . g]kfn nufot blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;a} b]zx?n] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL nueu ;a} cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]hx?df x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\ . t/ klg /fhgLlts k|lta4tfsf] cefjn] blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnf / aflnsfx?sf] a]rlavg lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ˚]/L /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] r]nLa]6L a]rlavg ug]{x?sf] ;~hfnnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ u/]sf] cf/f]k lg/Gt/ nfUb} cfPsf] 5 . k|zf;lgs pkfox? sdhf]/ 5g\ / 3';vf]/L blIf0f Pl;ofe/ k|rlnt 5 . cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ ls j]Zofno lgjf{w?kdf rnfpg of}gJoj;foLx?n] k|x/L / k|zf;lgs clwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfDbfgLsf] lx:;f a'emfpg' k5{ .